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8822. A primary exploration on cyber security governance in Africa
- Author:
- XIAO Yingying and YUAN Zhengqing
- Publication Date:
- 07-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Abstract:
- The internet history in Africa is short, but this new technology is spreading fast on the continent. Along with this, cybercrime in Africa is becoming increasingly rampant, while the relevant legal institutions and law enforcement capacity are lagging behind, with public and private cyber security awareness being relatively weak. In recent years, African countries start accelerating the design of institutional framework concerning cyber security governance. Besides e-transaction and cybercrime, personal data protection is also part of Africa’s cyber security governance, which is the result of the “impartment“ from Western developed countries and the active advocacy from NGOs. Whether at the national level, sub-regional organization level, the African Union level or NGO level, those Western developed countries and western-dominated international organizations have played a role in the institutional design of African cyber security governance, some of which referred to or even copied the original designs of the Western countries. This may lead to the African continent being “recolonized” in cyberspace, with no autonomous decision-making power in global cyber security governance. Besides, from design to implementation, African countries still have a long way to go, and whether the institutions based on the western experience are suitable for the culture and ideas of the African countries, remains to be tested with practice.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Africa and China
8823. Islamist Extremism in East Africa
- Author:
- Abdisaid Ali
- Publication Date:
- 08-2016
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- The growth of Salafist ideology in East Africa has challenged long established norms of tolerance and interfaith cooperation in the region. This is an outcome of a combination of external and internal factors. This includes a decades-long effort by religious foundations in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states to promulgate ultraconservative interpretations of Islam throughout East Africa’s mosques, madrassas, and Muslim youth and cultural centers. Rooted within a particular Arab cultural identity, this ideology has fostered more exclusive and polarizing religious relations in the region, which has contributed to an increase in violent attacks. These tensions have been amplified by socioeconomic differences and often heavy-handed government responses that are perceived to punish entire communities for the actions of a few. Redressing these challenges will require sustained strategies to rebuild tolerance and solidarity domestically as well as curb the external influence of extremist ideology and actors.
- Topic:
- Islam, Religion, Violent Extremism, and Global Security
- Political Geography:
- Africa
8824. Governance, Accountability, and Security in Nigeria
- Author:
- Oluwakemi Okenyodo
- Publication Date:
- 06-2016
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- As in much of Africa, the vast majority of security threats facing Nigeria are internal, often involving irregular forces such as insurgents, criminal gangs, and violent religious extremists. Effectively combating such threats requires cooperation from local communities—cooperation limited by low levels of trust in security forces who often have reputations for corruption, heavy-handedness, and politicization. Tackling modern security threats, then, is directly tied with improving the governance and oversight of the security sector, especially the police. Key paths forward include clarifying the structure of command and oversight, strengthening merit-based hiring and promotion processes, and better regulating private and voluntary security providers.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Corruption, International Affairs, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Nigeria
8825. The Geopolitics of East Asia: New Geometries of Competition and Cooperation
- Author:
- Adriana Erthal Abdenur
- Publication Date:
- 09-2016
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI)
- Abstract:
- The present study aims to develop an analysis of how the fast-changing geopolitics and geoeconomics of East Asia impacts current and potential trends in cross-regional economic cooperation, with a focus on Latin America. The paper revolves around three anchor trends: i. The Economic Transformation of East Asia; ii. Security and Cooperation in the Pacific; and iii. Mega-Agreements. For each of these areas, the study provides a succinct yet analytical overview of current debates by incorporating both Western and non-Western perspectives from academe and policy
- Topic:
- International Political Economy and International Development
- Political Geography:
- East Asia
8826. 9th U.S.-China High-Level Political Party Leaders Dialogue
- Author:
- Natalie Pretzer-Lin
- Publication Date:
- 11-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- EastWest Institute
- Abstract:
- A delegation of senior officials from the Communist Party of China (CPC) met with U.S. Democratic and Republican Party leaders and global business leaders in Washington, D.C., on November 14, 2016. These discussions were part of the U.S.-China High-Level Political Party Leaders Dialogue organized by the EastWest Institute (EWI) in partnership with the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (IDCPC) and was the ninth round of this dialogue process.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- China and America
8827. Victimized by Geopolitics
- Author:
- Wael Abdul-Shafi
- Publication Date:
- 10-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- EastWest Institute
- Abstract:
- The EastWest Institute and the Center for Applied Research in Partnership with the Orient (CARPO) held a two-day confidential dialogue meeting between participants from Iran and Saudi Arabia in Bonn on April 27-28, 2016. The two groups from Iran and Saudi Arabia were composed of former diplomats, senior analysts, and security and military experts. In addition, a group of distinguished experts from the European think tank community contributed with their input and analysis. Held under strict Chatham House Rule, the dialogue aimed at gaining insights on how Saudi Arabia and Iran view the ongoing crises in the Middle East and how they believe Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Yemen can be stabilized and how the escalating refugee crisis can be contained.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Refugee Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Iran and Saudi Arabia
8828. Afghanistan Reconnected: Cross-Border Cooperation at a Critical Juncture
- Author:
- Annie Cowan
- Publication Date:
- 09-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- EastWest Institute
- Abstract:
- In the lead-up to the Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, the EastWest Institute's Regional Security Initiative has released a major report, Afghanistan Reconnected: Cross-Border Cooperation at a Critical Juncture, which highlights problems in regional cooperation in the areas of trade and transit and energy, offering actionable recommendations that have been developed over three years of consultation with participants in the Afghanistan Reconnected Process, a high-level network including members of governments, the private sector, business leaders, and experts throughout the region. This report aims at encouraging government and private sector actors in the region, as well as the broader international community, to sustain momentum and commitment towards the development and stabilization of Afghanistan despite the declining security situation. The report includes an introduction by Ambassador Sabine Sparwasser, Chair of the International Contact Group on Afghanistan, Special Representative of the German Federal Government for Afghanistan and Pakistan, and chapters addressing various issues areas, prepared by project experts.
- Topic:
- International Security and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan
8829. The path to normalisation between Israel and Turkey
- Author:
- Arad Nir
- Publication Date:
- 11-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Global Political Trends Center
- Abstract:
- Israel-Turkey policy dialogue publication series
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Israel
8830. Resilience and Change: The Party System in Redemocratized Chile
- Author:
- J. Samuel Valenzuela, Timothy R. Scully, and Nicolás Somma
- Publication Date:
- 12-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Kellogg Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- Recent literature on the Chilean party system has noted that its characteristics changed under the impact of Pinochet's long dictatorship. The right allegedly became a tool for maintaining his regime's “legacies,” and this generated a binary pattern of electoral competition between “pro-authoritarian” and “prodemocratic” forces after the return to democracy. The literature has also stressed that levels of identification with the nation's parties have plummeted, thereby questioning the extent to which the Chilean party system is an institutionalized one. And yet all analysts acknowledge, without being able to explain, that the distribution of voter options for the main parties from one election to the next has continued to be largely stable
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Chile