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17551. Rethinking the Development of Legitimate Party Opposition in the United States, 1793–1828

Author:
Jeffrey S. Selinger
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
Writing in 1813 to his old friend and political adversary Thomas Jefferson, John Adams vividly described the scene in Philadelphia when the French Revolutionary Wars broke out: “You certainly never felt the Terrorism excited by Genêt, in 1793, when ten thousand People in the Streets of Philadelphia, day after day threatened to drag Washington out of his House, and effect a Revolution in the Government, or compell it to declare War in favour of the French Revolution and against England.”1 Adams andWashington had witnessed firsthand this “terrorism” incited by Edmond Genêt, Foreign Minister from France, and it powerfully influenced their appraisal of the risks political parties and other extra-constitutional amalgamations posed to the young Republic. Just a few years after the Genêt Affair, President George Washington issued his often-quoted Farewell Address, in which he admonished the American people to avoid foreign entanglements and be wary of the “baneful effects of the spirit of party.”2 These two recommendations went hand-in-hand: political parties, in Washingtonʼs view, would only continue to polarize a polity divided by foreign war.3 The first President was particularly suspicious of the Jeffersonian Republican Party, which he believed had encouraged Francophile partisans to take up arms in support of the French revolutionary struggle against Britain and other powers.
Topic:
Security and Terrorism
Political Geography:
Washington, France, and England

17552. Identity Politics and Policy Disputes in U.S.–Korea Relations

Author:
Gi-Wook Shin
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
Anti-American sentiments and slogans swept South Korea during its 2002 presidential campaign. These movements were not new for the country, but for the first time, they had a crucial impact on its alliance with the United States. A second North Korean nuclear stand-off had just occurred, and candidate Roh Moo Hyunʼs vows to continue engagement with the North, despite the crisis, were clearly at odds with the George W. Bush administrationʼs desire to isolate Pyongyang. In the past, such a threat would have led the South to consolidate its alliance with the United States for reasons of national security. Also preceding the 2002 election, a massive wave of anti-American sentiment had erupted in response to the handling of a U.S. military training accident that killed two Korean schoolgirls: Catholic priests went on a hunger strike, and tens of thousands of Koreans—not just activists but middle-class adults—protested against the United States.1 According to a 2003 Pew survey, aside from certain Arab states, France, and Russia, South Korea was identified as one of the most anti-American countries.2 A 2004 RAND report likewise showed that many South Koreansʼ previously positive views of the United States had become increasingly unfavorable.3 As new progressive, nationalist policy elites sought to reassess the U.S. role in inter-Korean relations and unification, the rationale for the alliance was being questioned and became a subject of intense debate within the South.
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, South Korea, North Korea, France, and Korea

17553. The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic

Author:
Chris Edelson
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
In recent years, advocates of broad executive power have made bold claims. George W. Bush administration attorneys asserted that Congress could not limit presidential authority to wage pre-emptive war or authorize torture. Barack Obama administration attorneys concluded that the President could authorize military action in Libya without congressional approval.
Topic:
Civil War
Political Geography:
Libya

17554. American Public Opinion and Health Care

Author:
Robert Shapiro
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
There are two especially central problems that the authors cannot over- come. First, the authors' tendency to favor abstractions over specifics leads them to overlook or downplay evidence that executive power has been limited by the rule of law. The Supreme Court blocked the Harry Truman administration from seizing steel factories during the Korean War (the Truman administration made essentially the same argument to the District Court about executive power that the authors endorse); the Court and Congress used legal allegations and conclusions to effectively force Richard Nixon out of office; the Court compelled Bill Clinton to sit for a deposition. The authors do not precisely date the alleged demise of the rule of law, but even more-recent examples of the rule of law's continued relevance exist. In 2004, Department of Justice attorneys forced the George W. Bush administration to modify a secret surveillance program after the attorneys, who believed the program was illegal, threatened to resign.
Topic:
Health and Public Opinion
Political Geography:
America

17555. Asia's Flying Geese: How Regionalization Shapes Japan

Author:
Akira Iriye
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
This is not an easy book to read. It is filled with the authorʼs self-deprecatory remarks, such as: “the results of my fieldwork are neither extraordinary nor groundbreaking” (p. 88), and “[this] book does not break completely new ground” (p. 247). As if to confirm such statements, the book is littered with quotes from other writers, so that the authorʼs own contributions tend to be buried under them. That is a shame, for the book does undertake something important, that is, delineating factors that account for Japanʼs economic troubles that began in the 1990s and continued into the new century.
Political Geography:
Japan and Asia

17556. Adrift: Charting Our Course Back to a Great Nation

Author:
Raymond A. Smith
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
The “big picture” political book has become a staple of political campaigns, in which high-profile politicians diagnose the full range of problems besetting the country and present their broad agenda for change; Barack Obamaʼs The Audacity of Hope is perhaps only the best known of these volumes. Authors without such a preexisting audience tend to either rely on a single “big idea” to tie together their books or else provide original data with detailed policy analysis in order to persuade readers. Thomas L. Friedmanʼs various concept-driven books fit into the prior category, while the work of most rank-and-file social scientists falls into the latter mode.
Political Geography:
America

17557. Cosmopolitan Power in International Relations: A Synthesis of Realism, Neoliberalism, and Constructivism

Author:
Stacie Goddard
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
Power is integral to world politics. This statement is hardly controversial, yet what constitutes power is among the most-contested questions in international relations theory. Realists contend that hard power — the coercive use of military might — is the primary determinant of behavior and outcomes in the inter- national system. In contrast, neoliberals and constructivists argue that “ soft power ” — the capacity to get what one wants through persuasion rather than coercion — is as important, if not more so, than military might.

17558. Power, Politics, and Universal Health Care: The Inside Story of a Century-Long Battle

Author:
Daniel Skinner
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
While the impact of Barack Obamaʼs 2010 health care initiative will not be known for some time, Stuart Altman and David Shactman make clear that it was a long time coming. Altman himself was directly involved in the reform efforts of Obama and Richard Nixon, and was bitter for having been sidelined by Bill Clinton. The book reads as a recounting of lessons learned during the Nixon administration, anger for Clinton ʼ s refusal to heed those lessons, and ultimate redemption with the passage of health care reform under Obama, when Altman was brought back into the fold. At its best, the book recounts the twists and turns of a longstanding quest for a better American health care system.
Topic:
Health
Political Geography:
America

17559. Coalitions of Convenience: United States Military Interventions after the Cold War

Author:
Daniel R. Lake
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States was left alone with an unusual degree of power preponderance. Such a position of preponderance could have led to a series of unilateral military interventions, but instead, the United States has intervened multilaterally more often than not. In Coalitions of Convenience , Sarah E. Kreps offers a convincing explanation for this mixture of unilateralism and multilateralism.
Topic:
Cold War
Political Geography:
United States and Soviet Union

17560. Playing Our Game: Why China's Rise Doesn't Threaten the West

Author:
Scott Kennedy
Publication Date:
08-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Political Science Quarterly
Institution:
Academy of Political Science
Abstract:
As Chinaʼs economy grows larger and the country more powerful, most scholars are focused on the distinctive nature of the Chinese state and the depth of its intervention in the economy. China is often identified as an East Asian developmental state, or as representing a new model of development distinct from the West. Edward Steinfeld of MIT asserts that these interpretations over- look the fundamental transformation that Chinese society writ large has under- gone during the past two decades to become much more Western than most observers recognize.
Political Geography:
China and East Asia