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2862. Preventing Catastrophic Nuclear Terrorism
- Author:
- Charles Ferguson
- Publication Date:
- 03-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- The threat of a nuclear attack by terrorists has never been greater. Over the past two decades, terrorist violence and destructiveness have grown. As the September 11, 2001, attacks demonstrated, al-Qaeda and al-Qaeda–inspired terrorists desire to inflict mass casualties. Al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations have expressed interest in and searched for unconventional means of attack, such as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons. Of these weapons, only a nuclear detonation will guarantee immediate massive destruction.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, Nuclear Weapons, and Terrorism
2863. Foreign Investment and National Security: Getting the Balance Right
- Author:
- David M. Marchick and Alan P. Larson
- Publication Date:
- 07-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- Despite the significant benefits that foreign investment brings to the U.S. economy, a recent poll by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press found that 53 percent of Americans believe foreign ownership of U.S. companies is “bad for America,” a sentiment that reached a boiling point with the proposed acquisition of the U.S. port operations of P Steam Navigation Company by Dubai Ports World (DPW). The DPW case brought to the public's attention the little-known executive committee charged with reviewing the security risks of foreign investment—the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)—and ignited a flurry of congressional activity to change its mandate and operations under the Exon-Florio Amendment to the Defense Production Act of 1950.
- Topic:
- Security, International Political Economy, and International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Dubai
2864. Policing Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003-05: Issues of Mandates and Management in ESDP Missions
- Author:
- Susan E. Penksa
- Publication Date:
- 12-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for European Policy Studies
- Abstract:
- The European Union Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) represents a watershed development for the EU and its emerging European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). Never before has the EU organised and managed this type of stabilisation programme. In some ways, the launching of EUPM defined a new stage in the evolution of the EU itself, and certainly of the ESDP. An examination of the implementation of the EUPM in 2003-06 and the current planning for an EU mission in Kosovo suggests that a process of institutional change and learning has occurred among EU and national officials. At the same time, it is apparent that significant improvements are still necessary in the coordination between and within EU pillars as they relate to ESDP operations. To that end, this study focuses on five important challenges revealed by EU field operations in BiH: mission mandates; personnel expertise, recruitment and training; program design, implementation and assessment; reporting and decisionmaking procedures and structures; and the functions of EU representatives in the field (EU Special Representatives, Commission Head of Missions and Member States). Lastly, it also suggests the means to materially improve EU crisis response, paying special attention to lessons learned during the first EUPM and from EU efforts to address organised crime in BiH.
- Topic:
- Security and Defense Policy
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Eastern Europe
2865. Australia, America and Asia
- Author:
- Mohan Malik
- Publication Date:
- 12-2006
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Institution:
- University of British Columbia
- Abstract:
- This article examines the changing nature of Australian-American relations in the aftermath of the Iraq imbroglio and China's rise. While many observers see differences in Australian and US approaches toward China as a reflection of different interests, it is the contention of this paper that these different Australian-US perspectives on China are, in fact, premised more on some highly skewed assumptions and fallacious beliefs, misconceptions and myths that have lately come to underlie Australia's China policy than on divergent Australian-US interests. This article looks at the proposition that China's rise has the potential to divide Australia and America but concludes that Beijing is unlikely to succeed in driving a wedge between Washington and Canberra. The shared values and shared strategic interests ensure broad support for the Australia-US alliance in Australia which has now expanded into a global partnership encompassing the transnational security issues as well as the traditional geopolitical issues of managing the rise of new powers.
- Topic:
- Security
- Political Geography:
- China, America, Beijing, Asia, and Australia
- Publication Identifier:
- 1337-5482
- Publication Identifier Type:
- ISSN
2866. Legitimising Emergency Rules and the Counterterrorism Fight in the EU
- Author:
- Anastassia Tsoukala
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Cet article vise à étudier la relation entre la sécurité et les libertés publiques, qui se trouve au cœur des débats sur les actuelles politiques antiterroristes en Europe. Il s\'appuie sur une analyse des déclarations politiques faites par les défenseurs de l\'introduction des mesures d\'exception et leurs opposants, lesquelles ont paru dans la presse française, britannique et italienne, entre septembre 2001 et juin 2003. L\'analyse révèle que : a) l\'étendue du débat public est étroitement liée à l\'existence ou non d\'un effet de banalisation des procédures d\'exception ; b) la légitimation des mesures d\'exception s\'appuie sur des arguments liés à la souveraineté qui, in fine, procèdent à une modification de la notion de liberté et de droits de l\'Homme au sein des démocraties actuelles.
- Topic:
- Security
2867. ELISE Final Synthesis Report
- Author:
- Didier Bigo and R.B.J. Walker
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- In EU Treaties "liberty" is always the principle against which any state interference on the basis of security must be limited, justified and open to judicial scrutiny. The perspective sketched here, along with the more specific research projects that inform it, suggest an urgent need for much more robust resistance to the marginalization of claims about liberty whenever the necessities of security are invoked. In general terms it might be said that where the possibilities of political liberty are currently being constrained by forms of structural and institutional fragmentation, they ought to be nurtured by imaginative forms of cooperation across existing jurisdictions; and where the possibilities of cooperation and unification are being sought in order to control human populations on a wider scale, they ought to be subject to greater scrutiny and control by many different democratically accountable communities and institutions. The policy implications advanced in this paper follow these principles. La liberté constitue toujours le principe à partir duquel toutes les interférences des Etats en termes de sécurité doivent être limitées, justifiées et transparentes dans les traités de l\'Union européenne. La perspective qui s\'esquisse ici, avec les projets de recherches plus spécifiques qui en font partie, suggère que la résistance face à la marginalisation des revendications de liberté doit être plus forte dès lors que l\'on invoque le besoin d\'une sécurité accrue. En d\'autres termes, là où les possibilités de liberté politique sont désormais retenues par des formes de fragmentation structurelle et institutionnelle, elles devraient se nourrir des formes imaginaires de coopération entre les juridictions existantes ; et là où les possibilités de coopération et d\'unification sont pensées pour contrôler les populations dans une plus grande ampleur, elles devraient faire l\'objet d\'un contrôle démocratique plus important, qu\'il soit parlementaire ou qu\'il vienne de communautés et d\'institutions démocratiques responsables et transparentes. Les implications en termes de politiques, que nous mettons en avant dans ce texte, suivent les principes que nous venons d\'exposer.
- Topic:
- Security and Political Theory
2868. International Peace Plans for the Balkans – A Success? 12thWorkshop of the Study Group „Regional Stability in South East Europe”
- Author:
- Dennis J.D. Sandole, Predrag Jureković, Christian Haupt, Petar Atanasov, Gordana Bujišić, Dušan Janjić, Savo Kentera, Matthew Rhodes, Erwin A. Schmidl, and Wim van Meurs
- Publication Date:
- 09-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Austrian National Defence Academy
- Abstract:
- More than 15 years after the end of the Cold War, it is clearer than ever that the 'New World Order' has failed to bring about eternal peace, and that we are nowhere near the 'end of history'. People are talking about third and even fourth generation peace operations (erroneously, in this author's opinion, by the way). So a historical perspective to this topic may be justified.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Conflict Prevention, Security, NATO, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Balkans
2869. Favourable Situations for the Jihadist Recruitment. The Neighborhood of Principe Alfonso (Ceuta, Spain)
- Author:
- Javier Jordán and Humberto Trujillo
- Publication Date:
- 10-2006
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Athena Intelligence Journal
- Institution:
- Athena Intelligence
- Abstract:
- The Spanish mass media have transmitted during the past weeks various news concerning the presence of jihadist activities in the cities of Ceuta and Melilla (two enclaves of Spain in North Africa): including the detention of suspected jihadists implicated in the terrorist attack of Casablanca in May 2003; the expulsion from the Spanish Army of three members belonging to professional troops for their supposed sympathy with radical Islam; and the appearance of a declaration on a internet forum from a group called Nadim al-Magrebi, calling for jihad against Spain and demanding expressively for the 'liberation' of both cities through terrorist attacks.
- Topic:
- Security, Civil Society, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Spain, and North Africa
2870. Human Security on Foreign Policy Agendas. Changes, Concepts and Cases, INEF-Report 80
- Author:
- Tobias Debiel and Sascha Werthes
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Development and Peace
- Abstract:
- When the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) published its 1994 report, nobody expected that the human security concept outlined within it would attract so much attention from politicians and academics alike. This is all the more astonishing as the concept has provoked a lot of criticism ever since its first appearance due to its excoriated analytical ambiguity and its disputed political appropriateness.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Human Rights, International Political Economy, and United Nations
- Political Geography:
- United States, Japan, Europe, and Asia