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2. The Generals’ Labyrinth: Crime and the Military in Mexico
- Author:
- International Crisis Group
- Publication Date:
- 05-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Mexico’s outgoing president has deployed more soldiers than ever to fight crime. But levels of violence remain high. His successor should set limits to the military’s role in public safety while working to sever state officials’ ties to criminals and allow better civilian law enforcement.
- Topic:
- Corruption, Law Enforcement, Organized Crime, Public Safety, and Military
- Political Geography:
- Latin America, North America, and Mexico
3. The six critical tasks of strategic leaders during crisis: Ensuring safety of stakeholders during COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
- Author:
- Zdzisław Polcikiewicz, Norbert Świętochowski, and Marek Tomaszycki
- Publication Date:
- 03-2024
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
- Institution:
- Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- Abstract:
- The authors’ purpose in this article is to present the way in which strategic leaders may use analytical tools to operate during crisis. Their actions is based on the idea of six main tasks, the so-called “Six Makings”, that they have to accomplish. The idea of “critical tasks during crisis was presented on the basis of the COVID-19 situation in Poland and the activities carried out by the Polish government and the Polish Health-care System (Strategic Leaders) to neutralize the negative effects of the pandemic, protect the health and lives of citizens, and care for the economic situation. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used in the research process. The authors concluded that in times of crisis, citizens rely on their leaders and believe that they will ensure their security and a swift return to customary. Strategic leaders must guarantee that the organizations and stakeholders they lead are prepared to counter the future challenges — foreseen and unforeseen alike. The “Six Makings” analytical tool, properly used, could significantly improve the accuracy of decisions made and increase the effectiveness of actions taken.
- Topic:
- Leadership, Crisis Management, Pandemic, COVID-19, Stakeholders, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Poland
4. Immigration Enforcement and Public Safety
- Author:
- Helena Gonçalves, Emily K. Weisburst, and Elisa Jácome
- Publication Date:
- 07-2024
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- The Cato Institute
- Abstract:
- The debate surrounding the enforcement of immigration laws often revolves around the impact of immigration on public safety. Recent surveys show that about half of Americans believe that immigrants are making crime in the country worse, and more Americans believe that immigrants have an adverse impact on crime than on jobs or the economy. Much research has found mixed evidence on the effect of immigration on local crime rates. Nevertheless, those advocating for the enforcement of immigration laws view it as a key policy tool for improving public safety.
- Topic:
- Immigration, Law Enforcement, Public Safety, and Illegal Immigration
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
5. Citizens’ Perceptions on Public Safety and Threats to National Security in Kosovo
- Author:
- Dea Fetiu and Dorjeta Rukiqi
- Publication Date:
- 02-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (KCSS)
- Abstract:
- The following Western Balkans Security Barometer (WBSB) report provides a thorough analysis of respondents’ perception of potential threats to their public safety and national security in Kosovo in 2022. Respondents feel generally safe in their close communities. Nevertheless, the sense of safety gradually decreases as the communities grow larger. Around 77 percent of the respondents declared that they feel safe in their houses, while they feel the least safe in their country (around 33 percent). Respondents’ perceptions between 2021 and 2022 indicate a slow decrease in their feeling of public safety; whereby in the previous 2021 WBSB, 79 percent and 40 percent of respondents stated that they feel safe in their homes and in their country, respectively. On the other hand, almost half of the respondents feel safe on the cyberspace. Brain drain is ranked as the highest threat to public safety, with 83 percent of the respondents viewing it as a threat or high threat to their respective communities. Stray animals and drug abuse are also perceived as highly threatening phenomena. Moreover, respondents are generally concerned about shortages of necessities, however, they express the biggest concerns about the shortages of electricity. On the national level, respondents see the increased prices of goods as the highest threat towards Kosovo’s national security, followed closely by the energy crisis. Pollution and climate change, violent extremism, and COVID-19 are seen as the lowest threats to national security. When asked if COVID-19 continues to endanger public health, almost half of the respondents answered negatively. Further, COVID-19 was ranked as the lowest threat to Kosovo’s national security. Opinions are somewhat divided when it comes to the efficiency of the COVID-19 vaccine on hindering the pandemic; yet 45 percent of respondents believe that the vaccine contributed to curb the pandemic. According to the survey data, the main causes of domestic violence in Kosovo are poor economic conditions and low levels of education. Respondents believe that raising the quality of education, and organizing more raising awareness campaigns are some of the measures that need to be taken by institutions to prevent and fight domestic violence.
- Topic:
- National Security, Public Opinion, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Kosovo, and Balkans
6. Safety Perceptions Index 2023 Foundation: Understanding the impact of risk around the world
- Author:
- Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)
- Publication Date:
- 02-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP)
- Abstract:
- The Lloyd’s Register Foundation Safety Perceptions Index (SPI) provides a comprehensive assessment of worries and experiences of risk across 121 countries. The SPI is a unique body of work, providing a deeper understanding of citizens’ feelings of safety than any other publicly available source. The index is produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) on the basis of data from the World Risk Poll, a global survey designed by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation and administered by Gallup. This is the second edition of the SPI. The report analyses two iterations of the World Risk Poll, the first conducted in 2019 and the second conducted in 2021; providing commentary, trends, and insights into these two sets of data. One of the defining features of the research is that one survey was administered prior to the onset of COVID-19 and the other was administered afterwards, allowing for an analysis of the effects of the pandemic on perceptions of risk. This report will be useful in the decades ahead as it will give insight into likely shifts in perceptions of risk for any future pandemics that may occur. The SPI measures two themes, worry about harm and recent experience of serious harm, analysing them across five domains: food and water, violent crime, severe weather, mental health, and workplace safety. These themes and domains are combined into a composite score which reflects perceptions of safety by country and region.The past several years have been characterised by rising feelings of uncertainty worldwide. Central to this shift has been the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted the functioning of social institutions as well as patterns of individual and collective behaviour in countless ways.1 Multiple studies have shown that the pandemic brought about increased levels of fear and anxiety across groups.2 Against this backdrop, there are two central findings of the 2023 SPI report. The first is that there were two parallel developments in people’s perceptions of safety over the last several years. On the one hand, the index showed no meaningful change in levels of worry and experience of harm in the aggregate, with an improvement of less than 0.1 percentage points recorded between 2019 and 2021. On the other hand, complementary data from the World Risk Poll points to a notable rise in generalised and non-specific feelings of fear and lack of safety throughout the world, with people becoming more fearful overall but less certain about the sources of potential threats.
- Topic:
- Economics, Infrastructure, Risk, Peace, Threat Perception, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Where Do the Victims of Gender Based Violence Go: A Needs Analysis for Women’s Safety Schemes in India
- Author:
- Tanya Rana, Ritwik Shukla, and Avani Kapur
- Publication Date:
- 03-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Centre for Policy Research, India
- Abstract:
- Despite several efforts, a survey in 2018 ranked India as the most dangerous country for women. The Government of India’s Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has several schemes, policies, and legislations, on women’s safety and empowerment. In 2021, MWCD’s key umbrella scheme of Mission Shakti was divided into two sub-schemes called Samarthya and Sambal, focussing on “empowerment” and “safety and security” of women, respectively. Looking at women’s safety, this note explores the needs and finances for two schemes – One Stop Centre (OSC) and Shakti Sadan (SS) – subsumed under Mission Shakti, meant for redressal and rescue of women. There are significant gaps in the number of victims of Gender-based Violence (GBV) receiving assistance to those who may need it. In the Financial Year (FY) 2021-22, MWCD should have spent at least ₹374 crore and ₹449 crore, respectively, on OSC and SS. MWCD needs to construct at least 340 and 822 additional OSC and SS facilities, respectively, to aid all estimated victims of GBV. Lastly, comparing estimated costs for OSC and SS and existing finances, Mission Shakti allocations are only 41 per cent of total costs required for the two sub-schemes.
- Topic:
- Women, Gender Based Violence, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- South Asia and India
8. Ocean Issues in Alaska: From Fisheries Management to Public Safety and Security
- Author:
- Fran Ulmer
- Publication Date:
- 08-2023
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University
- Abstract:
- Alaska is an important region for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), given the Department’s statutory authority and responsibilities. This reality applies with particular force to the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), with its jurisdiction over fisheries enforcement, drug interdiction, marine safety, oil spill response, search and rescue, and more. Challenges facing the USCG in its domains of operation around Alaska—the Arctic Ocean, the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the adjacent communities—include the following:
- Topic:
- Security, Science and Technology, Natural Resources, Oceans and Seas, Public Policy, Sustainability, Fishing, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- North America, Alaska, and United States of America
9. Sustainable Development of Trust and Police Presence in Schools: Implications for School Safety Policy
- Author:
- Bojan Jankovic, Vladimir M. Cvetkovic, Zvonimir Ivanovic, Aleksandar Ivanov, Svetlana Jovanovic, and Bozidar Otasevic
- Publication Date:
- 12-2023
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Liberty and International Affairs
- Institution:
- Institute for Research and European Studies (IRES)
- Abstract:
- The study aims to determine the trust and presence of police officers in schools in Serbia, as well as the perception of the principals and secretaries, teachers and staff, parents, and students on how successful the specific police units dedicated to schools were in fulfilling their tasks. The ex-post analysis was conducted through PEST/SWAT analysis, mapping the key actors and using batteries of online questionnaires, besides interviews with the MOI representatives, surveyed with personal interviewing, computer-aided surveying, desk analysis, and content analysis. The survey was conducted from September 2021 to June 2022. The research methods were implemented in 1140 schools in Serbia, and 8,617 people were included in surveys: police officers (308); principals and secretaries (1085); the team for protection against discrimination (982); teachers and staff (2988); parents (938) and students (2316). The relationships between the covariates and perception were investigated using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, and binary regression. The results showed that a project of school police officers was not fully recognized as one of the strategically essential instruments for safe schools; trust is low, but presence is high. Besides that, the results suggest that the entire public believes that police are needed in schools and that it positively affects school safety. Regarding school safety policy, it is necessary to undertake three measures for the sustainable development of trust and the presence of police in school: regulatory, informative-educational, and institutional-organizational.
- Topic:
- Police, Trust, Schools, Public Safety, Perception, and Sustainable Development
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Eastern Europe, and Serbia
10. Retos de la seguridad pública en España
- Author:
- Diego Torrente
- Publication Date:
- 12-2023
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
- Institution:
- International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
- Abstract:
- El presente número de la Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional debate sobre los retos actuales de la seguridad pública en España. Lo hace desde el punto de vista de las amenazas, pero también de las instituciones y en particular de la Policía. Quizás la contribución principal del monográfico es que sus aportaciones, primero, miran al contexto europeo ofreciendo una perspectiva comparada y, segundo, se centran en algunos de los debates actuales importantes en la literatura policial y criminológica. Cada contribución la firman académicos reconocidos en su ámbito de saber. Se trata de una selección de seis artículos que parten de un retrato inicial sobre cómo es la cultura de la seguridad pública en Europa. Tras esta visión de fondo, siguen las contribuciones sobre los desafíos actuales que suponen tres tipos de delincuencia compleja: la criminalidad organizada de motivación económica, el terrorismo, y la ciberdelincuencia. Esas formas delictivas son determinantes en el futuro inmediato de la seguridad colectiva. El número culmina con dos aportaciones sobre las implicaciones que tienen éstos y otros retos para la legitimidad de la Policía y, sobre todo, la forma en que ésta responda a ellos. Finalmente, la última contribución analiza las implicaciones para la Policía desde la perspectiva de su responsabilidad social corporativa.
- Topic:
- Terrorism, Police, Organized Crime, and Public Safety
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Spain
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