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62. Brexit and the NHS: Devolution
- Author:
- Jo Hunt, Paul Laffin, Philippa Whitford, and Chris Deerin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- UK in a Changing Europe, King's College London
- Abstract:
- Speakers -Dr Jo Hunt – Reader, Cardiff University -Paul Laffin – EU Public Affairs Manager, British Medical Association -Dr Philippa Whitford – Member of Parliament, Central Ayrshire -Chris Deerin, Contributing editor, New Statesman
- Topic:
- Health Care Policy, Brexit, and National Health Service (NHS)
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
63. Critical Issues in Healthcare Policy and Politics in the GCC
- Author:
- Center for International and Regional Studies
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for International and Regional Studies: CIRS
- Abstract:
- The situation of the healthcare systems in the Gulf has become multi-tiered, primarily due to the lack of systematic population health need assessments, including short-term health solutions for low-skilled workers. Even though the Gulf region has attained significant social and economic achievements in a short span of time, healthcare policies are still centered more on curative health and not enough emphasis has been placed on protective and preventive measures. There is a lack of medical educational institutions in the Gulf, and the role of the private sector is in need of further study as there is no explanation as to why patients are shifting from public to private healthcare institutions.
- Topic:
- Health, Privatization, Labor Issues, and Health Care Policy
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Persian Gulf
64. Organ Transplants at Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, and the Third Industrial Revolution
- Author:
- Oenone Kubie, Christopher McKenna, and Steven Yamshon
- Publication Date:
- 08-2017
- Content Type:
- Case Study
- Institution:
- Oxford Centre for Global History
- Abstract:
- Cedars Sinai Hospital does not serve an everyday clientele. Situated in the West Hollywood neighbourhood in Los Angeles, the non-profit hospital caters to the rich and glamourous – a ‘hospital to the stars’. It was there that Madonna received hernia surgery and Frank Sinatra suffered a fatal heart attack. More recently, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West chose the hospital for the birth of their daughter. However, the hospital is famous for more than its celebrity patients. Cedars Sinai has a history of innovation and has often sought to be a world leader of medical research. In 2010, Tom Priselac, the long-time Chief Executive Officer of the Cedars Sinai Health System was presented with the opportunity to add to this history of innovation and establish a prestigious center for heart transplants at Cedars Sinai. To do so would position Cedars Sinai at the forefront of cardiac research. On the other hand, to establish the specialisation would require a huge investment which Priselac might better use elsewhere in the medical center. The decision required Priselac to consider the competitiveness of the hospital within the Los Angeles healthcare landscape, the logic of creating a specialisation, and the future of healthcare within a global economy.
- Topic:
- Health Care Policy, Capitalism, and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- United States, California, and Los Angeles
65. The Security Sector’s Role in Responding to Health Crises: Lessons from the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic and Recommendations for the Mano River Union and Its Member States
- Author:
- Jonathan Sandy, Albrecht Schnabel, Haja Sovula, and Raphael Zumsteg
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF)
- Abstract:
- This report is informed by the two-day roundtable-style workshop entitled "The Security Sector and Global Health Crises: Lessons from the 2014 Ebola Epidemic in West Africa" in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The workshop's main discussions, outcomes and recommendations are expected to facilitate better preparedness to mitigate future epidemics through collaborative and coordinated efforts between health and security sector communities, and directed at local, national and regional actors as well as the international donor community engaged in West Africa.
- Topic:
- Security, Health, International Cooperation, Regional Cooperation, and Health Care Policy
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Liberia, West Africa, Sierra Leone, and Guinea
66. Autonomous Reform vs Global Isomorphism: Explaining Iran’s Success in Reducing Fertility
- Author:
- Masoomeh Khandan and Lant Pritchett
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
- Abstract:
- A long-standing literature in the sociology of organizations (e.g., DiMaggio and Powell 1983) suggests that, as change agents face uncertainty about actions and outcomes, they often seek legitimacy through isomorphism: adopting structures, policies and reforms similar (at least in appearance) to those deemed successful elsewhere. We examine history’s most rapid reduction of fertility—from 8.4 in 1985 to 2.4 in 2002, in rural Iran—as an example of successful autonomous reform. The Iranian state, which was self-consciously cut off from nearly all of the traditional vectors of global isomorphism, initiated a successful behavioral change in a domain (family planning) perhaps unexpected for an Islamic state. We describe and explain the Iranian approach, in particular the rural program, contrasting it with the global strategy of adopting universal "best practices."
- Topic:
- Governance, Health Care Policy, Reform, and Public Policy
- Political Geography:
- Iran and Middle East
67. Policy Response to Low Fertility in China: Too Little, Too Late?
- Author:
- Wang Feng
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- East-West Center
- Abstract:
- In 1970, Chinese women were having an average of nearly six children each. Only nine years later, this gure had dropped to an average of 2.7 children per woman. This steep fertility decline was achieved before the Chinese government introduced the infamous one-child policy. Today, at 1.5 children per woman, the fertility rate in China is one of the lowest in the world. Such a low fertility level leads to extreme population aging— expansion of the proportion of the elderly in a population, with relatively few children to grow up and care for their aging parents and few workers to pay for social services or drive economic growth. China’s birth-control policies are now largely relaxed, but new programs are needed to provide healthcare and support for the growing elderly population and to encourage young people to have children. It will be increasingly di cult to fund such programs, however, as China’s unprecedented pace of economic growth inevitably slows down.
- Topic:
- Population, Health Care Policy, and Political and institutional effectiveness
- Political Geography:
- China
68. Making the Case for Open Contracting in Healthcare Procurement
- Author:
- Transparency International
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Transparency International
- Abstract:
- Healthcare and public procurement both suffer from high levels of corruption and the point at which they converge, procurement within healthcare, is an acute vulnerability that is routinely exploited. But governments and civil society organisations are now taking action to protect the lives of citizens by implementing open contracting. The proposition behind open contracting is that procurement reform requires a broad base of participation from outside government. Businesses must be able to compete for contracts and make sense of the market. The communities directly affected by procurement, and the groups and people that represent those communities, are often better placed than government to independently monitor the procurement process. To facilitate this participation, governments must publish useful, timely and accessible information about the procurement process. Healthcare and anti-corruption efforts share a common principle: prevention is better than cure. In the long term, open contracting offers a route for governments to move from the procurement status quo of corruption, waste and inefficiency, to clean contracting, in which fairness, integrity and efficiency are the norms. This report first outlines some of the major challenges in healthcare procurement before explaining how open contracting works and how it can support reform. Section two introduces different approaches to open contracting that have been used around the world. Finally, section three presents case studies of successful implementation from Honduras, Nigeria and Ukraine.
- Topic:
- Health Care Policy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
69. Ethnic Politics and Ebola Response in West Africa
- Author:
- Souleymane Soumahoro
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- In this paper, I examine the effects of power sharing on vulnerability to adverse shocks in a multiethnic setting. Combining a unique dataset on the allocation of ministerial posts across ethnicities with the spatial distribution of Ebola, I provide evidence that ethnic representation mitigated the transmission of Ebola in Guinea and Sierra Leone. The findings suggest that one percentage point increase in proportional cabinet shares reduced Ebola transmission by five percent, as reflected in the total number of confirmed cases. I also provide suggestive evidence that this relationship goes beyond a simple correlation and operates through public resource capture and trust in political institutions.
- Topic:
- World Health Organization and Health Care Policy
- Political Geography:
- Africa
70. Value and Protection for Domestic Work
- Author:
- Jo Beletic
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center on Human Rights Education, University of Denver
- Abstract:
- The cover story of The Atlantic’s June 2017 issue, “My Family’s Slave”, has flurried around social media over the last couple of weeks. The heart wrenching story sheds light on the enslavement of Eudocia “Lola” Tomas Pulido. If you haven’t already done so, do yourself a favor and click through on the link above to read it. Most stories of this sort do not have such a warm ending. Most stories of this sort are never written. What is most disheartening of Lola’s situation is the fact that her story is more common than many Americans realize. Lolas are hidden in urban centers and tucked away within organized suburbia across the US. Domestic workers—people engaged in an employment relationship for work performed within a household—are vulnerable in their invisibility. In the US, over 2 million individuals are engaged in domestic work. Nannies, housekeepers, and healthcare workers are cooking, cleaning, ironing, caring for children, the sick, and the elderly behind closed doors. Many of these workers, generally women and girls, are immigrant women and women of color. As advocates for improved rights of these workers attest: domestic work makes all other work possible.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Labor Issues, Health Care Policy, and Labor Rights
- Political Geography:
- United States and North America