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532. A Fragile Peace: Guns and Security in post-conflict Macedonia
- Publication Date:
- 01-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- It is an understatement to say that the presence of small arms and light weapons is a significant problem in the Balkans. Guns contributed significantly to the violence, death, and destruction that surrounded the inter-ethnic conflicts of the 1990s and early 21st century. Since the conclusion of hostilities, the effects of violent conflict persist in the area, as does the circulation of many SALW. In fact, these weapons continue to cause civilian injuries and deaths, constrain social and economic development, enhance criminal capability, and contribute to ethnic and societal tensions that may incite future conflicts throughout the Balkans.
- Topic:
- Security, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Macedonia
533. Bi-Annual Report: 01 July - 31 December 2003
- Publication Date:
- 01-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons
- Abstract:
- In November 2001 the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe adopted a Regional Implementation Plan on Combating the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in South Eastern Europe, which provides a framework of approaches and measures to tackle SALW issues that can be adopted by the countries of the region and supported by international organisations and bi-lateral donors. The Implementation Plan included provision for the establishment of a regional clearinghouse to support its implementation, and on the basis of this mandate SEESAC was officially launched in Belgrade on the 08 May 2002 as a joint UNDP and Stability Pact initiative.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Civil Society, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Europe
534. Defense Science Board Report on Corrosion Control
- Publication Date:
- 10-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- Weapons system readiness and safety are among the highest priority challenges for the Department of Defense (DoD). As it continues to receive a large number of mission taskings, it is imperative that DoD equipment be maintained at an acceptable level of material condition so that it may be employed safely and effectively when required, often in harsh and physically demanding environments. However, both the material condition and safety of DoD equipment are routinely being undermined by the effects of corrosion. The dollar cost of corrosion to DoD has been estimated by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to be $10-20 billion per year. Aggressive action is needed at every stage in the life cycle of this equipment — during design, materials selection, construction, operation, and maintenance — to reduce the negative effects of corrosion.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- United States
535. The Proliferation Security Initiative
- Publication Date:
- 06-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) is a global initiative aimed at stopping shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials worldwide, announced by President Bush, May 31, 2003. It stems from the National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction issued in December 2002. That strategy recognizes the need for more robust tools to defeat the proliferation of WMD around the world, and specifically identifies interdiction as an area where greater focus will be placed.
- Topic:
- Conflict Prevention, International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
536. Landmine Policy Reply by DoD to a GAO Report
- Publication Date:
- 03-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- This is the Department of Defense (DoD) response to the GAO draft report GAO-02- 1003, “MILITARY OPERATIONS: Information on U.S. Use of Land Mines in the Persian Gulf War,” dated August 6, 2002 (GAO code 350068). The Department found a number of factual inaccuracies in the draft report. These inaccuracies were pointed out to GAO representatives during the August 7, 2002 draft report meeting and in subsequent exchanges. This response addresses DoD concerns with the report in general, rather than reiterating a list of line-by- line corrections.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Human Welfare
537. Landmine Policy
- Author:
- Rebecca Spyke
- Publication Date:
- 03-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- On Friday, February 27, 2004, the Administration announced a new United States policy on landmines. This policy is a significant departure from past approaches to landmines. It will ensure protection for both military forces and civilians alike, and will continue U.S. leadership in humanitarian mine action – those activities that contribute most directly toward eliminating the landmine problem.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, and Human Welfare
538. The Proliferation Security Initiative in Perspective
- Author:
- Andrew Prosser
- Publication Date:
- 06-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Defense Information
- Abstract:
- Participant countries of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), a U.S.-led effort to stem the illicit trafficking of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and delivery systems, met on the first anniversary of the initiative, from May 31 to June 1 in Krakow, Poland. Russia announced on the first day of the meeting its decision to participate in the PSI, a move that U.S. officials had supported as an important step in augmenting the effectiveness of the initiative. However, Russia's participation will only occur, according to the Russian Foreign Ministry, as long as PSI activities do not violate national or international law. Russian officials have similarly expressed concerns that the PSI's land, sea, and air-based WMD interdiction activities could endanger international commerce, and give unwarranted powers to the U.S. Navy to act as a global police force.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Political Geography:
- Russia and United States
539. Operation Iraqi Freedom: Theater Air and Missile Defense History
- Author:
- Howard B. Bromberg
- Publication Date:
- 05-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Defense Information
- Abstract:
- Although we did not fully realize it at the time, our planning for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and our role in the Global War on Terrorism actually started within minutes after the attack on the World Trade Center. On September 11, 2001, the command began assuming roles in three major operations which culminated over nineteen months later with the Coalition victory in removing the Regime of Saddam Hussein and freeing the Iraqi people and the region from his threats.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, and War
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iraq, and Middle East
540. Small Arms and Light Weapons Production in Eastern, Central, and Southeast Europe
- Author:
- Yudit Kiss
- Publication Date:
- 10-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- With the accession of ten states to the European Union (EU) in May 2004, Eastern Europe strode firmly into the international spotlight. A few months earlier, Bulgaria and Romania had joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), further extending the membership of Eastern, Central, and Southeast Europe in the alliance. These developments support the region's ongoing policy of integration into the West and its emergence as a socio-political landscape entirely distinct from that imposed by the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) until its demise in 1991. Not surprisingly, these drastic changes are vividly reflected in the national defence industries of the region.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, and Arms Control and Proliferation
- Political Geography:
- Europe and North Atlantic