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42. The international cocaine trade in Guinea-Bissau: current trends and risks
- Author:
- Luís Filipe Madeira, Stéphane Laurent, and Sílvia Roque
- Publication Date:
- 02-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Norwegian Centre for Conflict Resolution
- Abstract:
- This paper analyses the international, West African and national conditions that fuel the spread of the international drugs trade in West Africa, particularly in Guinea-Bissau, and examines the impact of the international cocaine trade at a social, economic and governance level in this small West African country.
- Topic:
- Crime, War on Drugs, and Narcotics Trafficking
- Political Geography:
- Africa
43. Toward a U.S.-Mexico Security Strategy: The Geopolitics of Northern Mexico and the Implications for U.S. Policy
- Author:
- David J. Danelo
- Publication Date:
- 02-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Foreign Policy Research Institute
- Abstract:
- Since Mexican President Felipe Calderón took office in December 2006, Mexico’s drug war has taken over 30,000 lives, destabilized the U.S.-Mexico border, and become a security crisis for the North American continent. Two years ago, a December 2008 Pentagon report warned about the strategic consequences for the United States of a rapid collapse of two nations: Pakistan and Mexico. “The Mexican possibility might seem less likely,” said the report, “but the government, its politicians, police and judicial infrastructure are all under sustained assault by drug cartels.” Any sudden collapse would require a U.S. response “based on the serious implications for homeland security alone.” This scenario has not come to pass, and a full scale collapse of Mexico remains unlikely. That said, Mexico’s security situation has direct consequences in the United States. Along the U.S.-Mexico border, coalitions of sheriffs, agents, activists and concerned citizens have rallied to increase public awareness. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency, Mexican drug cartels maintain distribution networks in 295 U.S. cities through brutal gang activity. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has joined a chorus of policy analysts and terrorism experts by referring to Mexico’s drug war as a “criminal insurgency.” In recent visits to Mexico, both President Barack Obama and the Secretary of State have acknowledged U.S. responsibility to reduce drug demand and invest in “partnership.” As the joint response to the 2009 H1N1 flu virus by U.S. and Mexican health officials illustrated, United States and Mexico policy responses are inextricably linked.
- Topic:
- Crime, National Security, War on Drugs, Immigration, Fragile/Failed State, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- United States and Mexico
44. War on Drugs
- Author:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Publication Date:
- 06-2011
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Global Commission On Drug Policy
- Abstract:
- The global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world. Fifty years after the initiation of the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and 40 years after President Nixon launched the US government's war on drugs, fundamental reforms in national and global drug control policies are urgently needed. In this seminal report, the Global Commission on Drug Policy calls on global leaders to join an open discussion on drug policy reform.
- Topic:
- War on Drugs, Public Policy, and Drugs
- Political Geography:
- United States and Global Focus
45. Inward FDI in Colombia and its policy context
- Author:
- Miguel Posada Betancourt
- Publication Date:
- 09-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
- Abstract:
- Colombia used to be a synonym for violence and drugs, but not anymore. Today, the country has one of the best performing economies in Latin America, and violence levels have been dramatically reduced. The outgoing administration made improving investor confidence and the business environment one of the pillars of its policy. As a result of important reforms and aggressive campaigns to promote the country as an attractive location, inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) has risen to unprecedented levels. Due to these positive changes, Colombia has been designated a “top reformer” for the past four years in the World Bank's Doing Business reports, and the new Government has promised to maintain and reinforce efforts to attract foreign investment. Even though IFDI flows decreased in the past two years as a consequence of the economic and financial crisis, many foreign affiliates in Colombia achieved positive profits. A country that a decade ago was avoided is now in many investors' plans.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, War on Drugs, and Foreign Direct Investment
- Political Geography:
- Colombia and Latin America
46. The Race Against Drug Resistance
- Author:
- Rachel Nugent
- Publication Date:
- 06-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- We are rapidly losing our ability to cure an alarming number of the most serious and common diseases of the developing world because of an invisible adversary: drug resistance. Resistance is inevitable—but careless practices in drug supply and use are hastening it unnecessarily. Without an immediate global effort to safeguard lasting treatment effectiveness, drug resistance will quickly become a widespread threat—claiming lives, raising the cost of curing patients, and making future generations increasingly vulnerable to deadly diseases that were easily cured in the past.
- Topic:
- Health and War on Drugs
47. Drug Production and Trafficking, Counterdrug Policies, and Security and Governance in Afghanistan
- Author:
- Jonathan P. Caulkins, Mark A.R Kleiman, and Jonathan D. Kulick
- Publication Date:
- 06-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center on International Cooperation
- Abstract:
- Drug production and drug trafficking are effects as well as causes of political instability. They flourish under weak states and sustain that weakness by financing insurgency and warlordism and by intimidating or corrupting the officials of enforcement agencies and security forces. Afghanistan is a primary instance of this complex of social and political pathologies.
- Topic:
- Security, Government, War on Drugs, Counterinsurgency, Narcotics Trafficking, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan
48. Transnational Organized Crime
- Publication Date:
- 01-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Peace Institute
- Abstract:
- Transnational organized crime (TOC) is no longer the sole preserve of specialist criminal organizations. It is now an essential strategy for armed groups around the world, and a source of funding for terrorists, corrupt politicians, warlords, and rogue governments. But states and international organizations have largely failed to anticipate the evolution of TOC into a strategic threat to governments, societies, and economies. At the international level, an outdated understanding of TOC does not adequately contemplate the strategic impact of TOC and fails to ensure that peace efforts and crime fighting are not working at cross-purposes.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Security, Crime, International Law, Peace Studies, War on Drugs, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
49. Gangs, Drugs, Terrorism— and Information-sharing
- Author:
- Greg Gardner and Robert Killebrew
- Publication Date:
- 08-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Academy of Political Science
- Abstract:
- The conflict in Mexico between the government and criminal drug cartels has been in the news lately, particularly because of the horrific levels of violence and its proximity to our border. The U.S. Government is increasingly concerned, and President Barack Obama has turned to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for options to provide timely support to Mexico. But the “cartel war” in Mexico, which is increasingly spilling into the United States, is just the latest, most visible indicator of steadily deteriorating civil order south of the border.
- Topic:
- Crime, Terrorism, War on Drugs, Counterinsurgency, and Narcotics Trafficking
- Political Geography:
- United States, Latin America, and Mexico
50. Drug Use in Nigeria
- Author:
- Roger Bate, Richard Tren, Thompson Ayodele, Kimberly Hess, and Olusegun Sotola
- Publication Date:
- 08-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
- Abstract:
- For decades, Nigeria has been plagued by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines, yet little information exists on the extent to which healthcare personnel are aw are of counterfeit and substandard medicines, and how this influences their behavior.
- Topic:
- Crime, War on Drugs, and Narcotics Trafficking
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Nigeria