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62. Tunisian Media in Transition
- Author:
- Fatima el-Issawi
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Abstract:
- The media in Tunisia has undergone drastic changes since the country's 2011 revolution. From content that was once uniform and restricted in the extreme, Tunisian media outlets have moved away from echoing the state line and are now providing diverse output. A host of new media outlets have cropped up. The legal framework and state institutions governing the industry are undergoing reform. And most importantly, journalists are now able to experience political journalism firsthand.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Mass Media, and Regime Change
- Political Geography:
- Arabia, North Africa, and Tunisia
63. Challenges for Independent News Media in Pakistan
- Author:
- Sherry Ricchiardi
- Publication Date:
- 07-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- For two years running, Pakistan has been ranked by international media monitors as the most dangerous place on earth for journalists. Media workers have been kidnapped, tortured, and beaten to death for delving into the nation's potent military apparatus and spy agencies. Bodies have been found with throats slit and flesh punctured with electric drills by Islamic militants, political extremists, and gangsters who take umbrage at what they write.
- Topic:
- Security, Political Violence, Torture, Mass Media, and Fragile/Failed State
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
64. The Video Revolution
- Author:
- Jane Sasseen
- Publication Date:
- 08-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), at the National Endowment for Democracy, works to strengthen the support, raise the visibility, and improve the effectiveness of independent media development throughout the world. The Center provides information, builds networks, conducts research, and highlights the indispensable role independent media play in the creation and development of sustainable democracies. An important aspect of CIMA's work is to research ways to attract additional U.S. private sector interest in and support for international media development. The Center was one of the of the main nongovernmental organizers of World Press Freedom Day 2011 in Washington, DC.
- Topic:
- Development, Science and Technology, International Affairs, Communications, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- United States and Washington
65. Raising Awareness Together: How Can the EU Engage with Civil Society to Promote Sustainable Lifestyles?
- Author:
- Ekaterina Vladimirova
- Publication Date:
- 06-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Istituto Affari Internazionali
- Abstract:
- Individual behaviour plays a key role in resolving the climate change problem. The main obstacle for such behavioural change is often poor public knowledge about the ethical dimension of climate change and about the practical solutions available to individuals in order to make informed choices. Promoting sustainable lifestyles should top the political agenda in Europe. In this light, this paper suggests how the EU could engage with civil society to promote sustainable lifestyles through joint media campaigns, by establishing local sustainability centres and by working together to change educational standards. This collaboration would benefit from knowledge and expertise exchange, lower transaction costs and, most importantly, it would increase public trust in the quest for sustainability.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Climate Change, Education, Environment, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- Europe
66. Indian Media's Dickensian Age
- Author:
- T. N. Ninan
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for the Advanced Study of India
- Abstract:
- Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, I must confess that the title for this lecture was thought up on the spur of the moment. Still, you might wonder which characters in Dickens' novels we can see in the Indian media. I can readily say that many journalists see latter-day versions of Uncle Scrooge; publishers who want to run their empires on shoestring budgets. Publishers, in turn, will say we have our Oliver Twist journalists, who keep asking their employers for more-even when salaries are doubling every four or five years. We have reporters who are Artful Dodgers, especially when it comes to deadlines. We have bankrupt TV moguls who, like Micawber, are forever hoping that something will turn up. And of course, many readers are like Pip, they had great expectations about the media but feel robbed and are disappointed. But when I fixed on the title, of a Dickensian Age for the Indian media, I had none of this in mind. My thought was the more predictable one, that this is a tale not of two cities but two narratives, competing narratives.
- Topic:
- Economics, Communications, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- South Asia
67. Media, Civil Society and the State in Democratic Politics in Africa: The Case of South Africa
- Author:
- Sean Jacobs
- Publication Date:
- 01-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The New School Graduate Program in International Affairs
- Abstract:
- The last two decades or so has seen an explosion of interest in the question of civil society and the role of media and information in democratic politics. Specifically for Africa, the development of strong civil societies is seen as vital for democratization and democratic stability and in thinking about the State. Much of the literature has a prescriptive tone, suggesting that the development of privately owned media enterprises is the key to the emergence of a fully functioning public sphere, in which government wrongdoing will be exposed and democratic debate can take place. In much of the writing, particularly by political scientists, dependence on the state is the main factor, along with resource constraints, lack of training, and inability to reach areas of the population that cripples media and its ability to nourish the free flow of ideas in civil society. However, this paper is less interested in how much we can expect from the kind of institutional reform implied by the scholarship mentioned above, but rather from the assumptions about the role of the state and the place of media in African politics. The paper will discuss these issues in the context of a very advanced and well-developed media system – that of democratic South Africa – to see how well it is fulfilling the expectation of this literature.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Government, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- Africa
68. Funding Free Expression: Perceptions and Reality in a Changing Landscape
- Author:
- Anne Nelson
- Publication Date:
- 06-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- In early 2011, the Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) and the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) launched a research project to explore shifts in funding patterns for international freedom of expression activity. Twenty-one major donors responded to a survey, which was supplemented by eight in-depth interviews with donors and additional research on trends in Europe and the United States.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Human Rights, International Affairs, Mass Media, and Foreign Aid
69. Independent Media in Exile
- Author:
- Bill Ristow
- Publication Date:
- 06-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- A local reporter details allegations that a ruling party official had demanded bribes from local businesses; ten days later, police conduct their own interviews and arrest the official.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Humanitarian Aid, Mass Media, and Foreign Aid
70. Confronting the News: The State of Independent Media in Latin America
- Author:
- Douglas Farah
- Publication Date:
- 06-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- Freedom of expression and of the press in much of Latin America are under sustained attack by numerous authoritarian governments in the region, as well as non-state armed actors such as drug trafficking organizations and paramilitary groups. These attacks have made Latin America one of the most dangerous places in the world in which to be a journalist. Overall, the region, with the exception of the Caribbean, has suffered an almost uninterrupted deterioration of press freedoms over the past five years, reaching its lowest point since the military dictatorships of the 1980s.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Mass Media, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Latin America and Caribbean