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461. Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in Swaziland

Author:
Eswatini Economic Policy Analysis and Research Centre
Publication Date:
01-2018
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Eswatini Economic Policy Analysis and Research Centre (ESEPARC)
Abstract:
This report provides detailed findings of an investigation into workplace sexual harassment focusing on the private sector and non-government organisations (NGOs) in Swaziland. The analysis provides benchmark information on the nature and extent of workplace sexual harassment in a bid to establish suitable interventions (policies, systems and programmes) that will facilitate behavioural changes for the protection and mitigation against all forms of workplace sexual harassment.
Topic:
Labor Issues, Sexual Violence, Work Culture, and Gender
Political Geography:
Africa and Swaziland

462. Women Workers in India – Labour Force Trends, Occupational Diversification, and Wage Gaps

Author:
Bidisha Mondal, Jayati Ghosh, Shiney Chakraborty, and Sona Mitra
Publication Date:
03-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for Sustainable Employment, Azim Premji University
Abstract:
Understanding the nature of work performed by women in India requires first of all that we broaden our understanding of what is work, and recognise the different kinds of socially necessary as well as other work. The nature of work and how to capture it in empirical data have indeed been among the most complicated and debated issues in social sciences. This is particularly so in societies where much work occurs in informal, often even very private, settings that can be very hard to identify, let alone measure. The fact that international definitions of work and of economic activity have themselves been changing over time only adds to the complexity.
Topic:
Labor Issues, Women, Economy, Diversification, and Gender Wage Gap
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

463. The Evolution of India’s Industrial Labour Share and its Correlates

Author:
Arjun Jayadev and Amay Narayan
Publication Date:
03-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for Sustainable Employment, Azim Premji University
Abstract:
There has been substantial recent interest in the decline of labour shares across countries. For the most part, attention has been focused on developed countries. We examine the evolution of India’s labour share in its formal industrial sector from 1983- 2016. Using two datasets corresponding to sectoral aggregate data and plant-level data respectively, we document a secular decline in the labour share across all sectors from 1983, with a stabilisation at very low levels (around 8 to 10 percent) starting around 2005. We then use the plant-level data to identify correlates that illuminate reasons for the overall decline in the labour share. We find strong evidence to support multiple causes: increased capital intensity, greater informalisation, greater privatisation, and productivity increases in larger firms. As such, we suggest that the declines in labour share experienced are due to a composite set of factors. Conversely, other potential explanations (e.g. regional variation in the labour share) have less explanatory power.
Topic:
Labor Issues, Industry, Data, and Productivity
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

464. Analysis of Payment Delays and Delay Compensation in MGNREGA

Author:
Rajendran Narayanan, Sakina Dhorajiwala, and Rajesh Golani
Publication Date:
04-2018
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for Sustainable Employment, Azim Premji University
Abstract:
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides a minimum of 100 days of work in a year for every rural household at a minimum wage. Because of MGNREGA, for the first time in the country, a transaction-based Management Information System (MIS) has been made available in the public domain; a great feather in the cap of transparency. An essential safeguard in MGNREGA is delay compensation to be paid, as penalty, when workers don’t receive wages within 15 days of completion of work. Despite several progressive measures, payment delays are rampant and the method of delay compensation is flawed leading to massive under-calculation of the true payable compensation. By analysing over 9 million transactions for the financial year 2016-17 across 10 states, we observe that only 21% of the payments were made on time. In 47% of the records analysed, only partial delay compensation is being captured and the remaining 32% of the records are not even being considered as delays in the NREGA MIS. These are due to the flawed method of calculating delay compensation. On aggregate, in our sample, while the true total compensation payable is about Rs 36 crore, only about Rs 15.6 crore is being calculated in the MIS.
Topic:
Labor Issues, Employment, Rural, Transparency, Sustainability, and Data
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

465. Redefining Inclusive Growth in Asia: How APEC can Achieve an Economy that Leaves no one Behind

Author:
Maria Dolores Bernabe
Publication Date:
11-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
In November 2017, leaders will gather in Vietnam for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. The last few decades have seen astonishing growth and poverty reduction across Asia, but inequality is on the rise and the benefits of growth are increasingly going to those at the top. This paper sets out how APEC leaders can use the opportunity of the summit to move in a new direction – one in which the economy works for everyone, not just the few.
Topic:
Regional Cooperation, Labor Issues, Health Care Policy, Private Sector, Economic Cooperation, and Inclusion
Political Geography:
Asia and Asia-Pacific

466. Double Trouble: A Review of the Relationship between UK Poverty and Economic Inequality

Author:
Magali Duque, Abigail McKnight, and Mark Rucci
Publication Date:
11-2017
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
The link between inequality and poverty has been highlighted by a number of international organisations, which have outlined a series of policy recommendations supporting the view that high levels of inequality need to be tackled even if the central objective is to reduce poverty. This report makes clear there is a positive correlation between income inequality and relative income poverty in the UK. The strength of this connection depends on which measure of inequality is used and this report makes no claim about causation – but the central conclusion is clear. We can no longer treat poverty and economic inequality as separate problems which can be tackled in isolation. They are instead closely linked and must be tackled together.
Topic:
Poverty, Labor Issues, Economic Inequality, and NGOs
Political Geography:
United Kingdom and Europe

467. Why is Women’s Work Low-Paid? Establishing a framework for understanding the causes of low pay among professions traditionally dominated by women

Author:
Jill Rubery
Publication Date:
11-2017
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Oxfam Publishing
Abstract:
This discussion paper was commissioned by Oxfam’s UK Programme to understand why certain occupations in the UK labour market, traditionally dominated by women, are low-paid. The paper argues that jobs associated with traditional and outdated notions of ‘women’s role in the home’ extends into the jobs market. This affects attitudes towards remuneration in professions such as cleaning and caring. The paper sets out a framework for understanding the risks of low pay and to explore the issue of the undervaluing of low-paid jobs with respect primarily to women. The author calls these the five ‘V’s: visibility, valuation, vocation, value-added and variance, and sets out a possible series of policy responses.
Topic:
Gender Issues, Poverty, Labor Issues, Inequality, Income Inequality, and Labor Rights
Political Geography:
United Kingdom and Europe

468. The Hidden Face of a Professional Group: Night Concierges or the Importance of a Sociology that Can See in the Dark | La face cachée d’un groupe professionnel La conciergerie de nuit ou l’intérêt d’une sociologie nyctalope

Author:
Thibaut Menoux
Publication Date:
03-2017
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cultures & Conflits
Institution:
Cultures & Conflits
Abstract:
Based on the case of luxury hotel concierges, this paper addresses the question of how to make night work an object for the sociology of professional groups without producing an essentialist or relativist categorization of what “night time” is. To make this argument, I assemble different temporalities observed at different scales of analysis. Firstly, the micro-sociological scale of day-to-day tasks is analyzed with the tools of the sociology of work. Secondly, the scale of career paths is seen from the perspective of the sociology of employment. Finally, the broader scale of the professional group is looked at from the viewpoint of the sociology of collective mobilizations. These three scales of observation all show that the marginality of night concierges actually outlines the hidden face of the entire group. Their inclusion in the analysis, which obliges the sociologist to widen his scope of inquiry and to acquire somewhat of a night vision, is therefore vital.
Topic:
Labor Issues, Sociology, and Marginalization
Political Geography:
Europe and France

469. What Lies Ahead? Korea's Long- and Short-Term Challenges

Author:
Edda Zoli
Publication Date:
06-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI)
Abstract:
For decades Korea has had a remarkable track record of economic performance. But growth has now declined, and Korea may find it difficult to move quickly to the OECD income frontier. Moreover, Korea faces serious structural challenges, many of which will imply a further decline in potential growth. These include demographic shifts, export dependence, structural weakness and corporate vulnerabilities, and the labor market. With the economy facing major structural headwinds, a comprehensive set of measures are needed in a number of areas, including corporate restructuring, labor market reform, and productivity enhancement.
Topic:
Demographics, Labor Issues, Economy, and Economic Growth
Political Geography:
South Korea and Korea

470. How To Be A Conscious Consumer

Author:
Joey White
Publication Date:
01-2017
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre on Human Rights in Conflict
Abstract:
Are you guilty for contributing to the infringement of someone’s most basic labor rights? This certainly isn’t a question that pops into our head on a regular basis, but unfortunately in most cases the answer will be yes. The use of fair labor practice is not typically the first thing we think of when making purchases, but conscious consumer action can play a key role in promoting labor rights around the world.
Topic:
Human Rights, Science and Technology, Labor Issues, and Labor Rights
Political Geography:
Global Focus