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581. Securing the Rule of Law: Assessing International Strategies for Post-Conflict Criminal Justice

Author:
Reyko Huang
Publication Date:
11-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
International Peace Institute
Abstract:
The past dozen years have seen a proliferation of international efforts to strengthen national criminal justice systems in post-conflict countries. Part of the burgeoning of discourses, policies and programs on the primacy of the rule of law in peacebuilding, these efforts are based on the principle that the restoration of law and order in the immediate aftermath of conflict is critical for building a durable peace. The UN Secretary-General encapsulated this growing importance of the rule of law in a 2004 report, in which he also stressed the need to develop strong national criminal justice systems for the administration of justice in accordance with international standards.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Security, Arms Control and Proliferation, and International Law

582. Taking the International Rule of Law Seriously

Author:
Laurence Boisson de Chazournes
Publication Date:
10-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
International Peace Institute
Abstract:
The scope of the collective security system established under the United Nations (UN) Charter has expanded significantly since the end of the cold war. Aside from the increasingly broad understanding of the concept of "threat to international peace," there has also been a related widening of the range of measures that may be adopted by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter.
Topic:
Security, Human Rights, International Law, and United Nations

583. Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food

Author:
George Kent
Publication Date:
06-2005
Content Type:
Book
Institution:
Georgetown University Press
Abstract:
Each year, more than 10 million children die before their fifth birthdays, about half of them from causes associated with malnutrition. This is a silent holocaust, repeated year after year. Malnutrition leads to death, illness, and a significantly reduced quality of life for hundreds of millions of people. This book's central concern is that very many people do not get adequate food, in terms of quantity or in terms of quality.
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, and Food

584. Protecting Human Rights: A Comparative Study :- (Appendix B IGOs and INGOs)

Author:
Todd Landman
Publication Date:
09-2005
Content Type:
Book
Institution:
Georgetown University Press
Abstract:
The data analysis employed two measures of “organizational” inter- dependence. The first is the number of international governmental organizations (IGOs) of which each country is a member. The second is the number of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) with a registered office in each country. Both sets of numbers come from the Union of International Associations (UIA), which publishes statistical yearbooks with membership figures. In both cases, the analysis uses the total number of organizations across the different categories. Although the IGO data come from the UIA, Bruce Russet at Yale University kindly provided the tabulated figures by country. The INGO numbers were obtained from the UIA year- books and input into the data set by Gemma Mackman, a researcher at the University of Essex who worked on this study in 2003.
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, Non-Governmental Organization, and United Nations

585. Identifying Lessons In United Nations International Policing Missions

Author:
Eirin Mobekk
Publication Date:
11-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF)
Abstract:
This paper gives an introduction to international policing operations and its key issues. It discusses the crucial challenges that face all international civilian police missions in United Nations peace operations, as well as the lessons learned and identified in the past decades of international policing. The challenges examined in this paper include addressing the security gap, applying an integrated approach to police, penal and judicial reform, all while paying heed to local justice mechanisms.
Topic:
Security, International Law, Peace Studies, and United Nations

586. Some Comments Concerning the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: The Performance of the European Union

Author:
Camela Pérez Bernárdez
Publication Date:
01-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute of European Studies
Abstract:
On December 8th, 2003, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to submit the question concerning the legality of Israel's construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory to the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion. The Court accepted, and thus entered into the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - one of the most far reaching, difficult, and delicate disputes that the international community has faced. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, it analyzes the most relevant issues in the Wall case related to jurisdiction and merits. Second, it considers the position of the European Union in terms of the Middle East conflict, and specifically, concerning this advisory opinion.
Topic:
International Relations and International Law
Political Geography:
Europe, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and United Nations

587. U.S. Military Assistance to Countries Using Child Soldiers: 1990-2006

Author:
Rhea Myerscough
Publication Date:
12-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Defense Information
Abstract:
Released on Feb. 28, 2005, the State Department's 2004 Human Rights report discusses the “nature and extent of the compulsory recruitment and conscription of individuals under the age of” by all armed groups in every country, and what steps have been taken by the governments of the respective countries to eliminate such practices. The State Department report cites 26 countries that have forcefully recruited and/or used child soldiers, including four countries that had no evidence of new child soldier participation in 2004. CDI's research has revealed that of these 26 countries, the United States has provided 22 with military assistance since 2001.
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, Third World, and War
Political Geography:
United States

588. UN enters "era of application" in its campaign against child soldiers

Author:
Rhea Myerscough
Publication Date:
10-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Defense Information
Abstract:
On July 26, 2005, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1612, the sixth in a series of resolutions pertaining to children and armed conflict. Resolution 1612 establishes the first comprehensive monitoring and reporting system to enforce compliance among those groups using children in situations of armed conflict.
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, Third World, and War
Political Geography:
United Nations

589. State Department Reports on the Use of Child Soldiers, 2005

Author:
Daniel Schaeffer
Publication Date:
05-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Center for Defense Information
Abstract:
On Feb. 28, 2005, the U.S. State Department released its annual Country Reports on Human Rights. The reports detail information on 196 countries compiled by Foreign Service Officers abroad, domestic and international human rights groups, academics, activists, jurists and journalists that work to recount human rights conditions around the globe. These annual reports point "to the areas of progress and draw attention to new and continuing challenges" in the human rights realm, and are to be "used as a resource for shaping policy, conducting diplomacy and making assistance, training and other resource allocations."
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, Third World, and War
Political Geography:
United States

590. On Autonomy and Law

Author:
Natalia Loukacheva
Publication Date:
06-2005
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, McMaster University
Abstract:
Extensive scholarly works on the issue of autonomy and indigenous self-governance show that legal concepts of autonomy suffer from much confusion. In the following study, I present a survey of the concept of governance in the legal scholarship in attempting to develop normative grounds for the right to autonomy. This paper is divided into two parts. At the outset it deals with general considerations of theoretical aspects of the concept of autonomy in public law1 and examines the extent to which the right to autonomy can be defined and justified in light of international and comparative constitutional legislation.
Topic:
Human Rights, International Law, and Sovereignty