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62. Haiti: Why Funding for Orphanages is Harming the Children it Aims to Help
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- Elevate Children Funders Group
- Abstract:
- Private philanthropic support for vulnerable or orphaned children often has a strong focus on the funding of orphanages. Despite powerful evidence of the negative impact of orphanage care, private donors continue to provide large amounts of funding to orphanages through donations, volunteer tourism, mission trips and other forms of fundraising – adding to the pull factors drawing more vulnerable children into institutional care and away from family or community care.
- Topic:
- Children, Youth, Public Policy, and Funding
- Political Geography:
- Haiti
63. Nepal Policy Brief: Why Funding for Orphanages is Harming the Children in Aims to Help
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Elevate Children Funders Group
- Abstract:
- Private philanthropic support for vulnerable or orphaned children often has a strong focus on the funding of orphanages. Despite powerful evidence of the negative impact of orphanage care, private donors continue to provide large amounts of funding to orphanages through donations, volunteer tourism, mission trips and other forms of fundraising – adding to the pull factors drawing more vulnerable children into institutional care and away from family or community care.
- Topic:
- Children, Youth, Public Policy, and Funding
- Political Geography:
- Nepal
64. Haiti Policy Brief: Why Funding for Orphanages is Harming the Children it Aims to Help
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Elevate Children Funders Group
- Abstract:
- Private philanthropic support for vulnerable or orphaned children often has a strong focus on the funding of orphanages. Despite powerful evidence of the negative impact of orphanage care, private donors continue to provide large amounts of funding to orphanages through donations, volunteer tourism, mission trips and other forms of fundraising – adding to the pull factors drawing more vulnerable children into institutional care and away from family or community care.
- Topic:
- Children, Youth, Public Policy, Private Sector, and Funding
- Political Geography:
- Haiti
65. Analysing Transformative Local Leadership in Indonesia
- Author:
- Alexander R. Arifianto
- Publication Date:
- 12-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies (NTS)
- Abstract:
- Since 2001, Indonesia’s political decentralisation has opened fresh avenues for a new generation of local government executives to be elected. These new local leaders tend to promote novel styles of political leadership that are can transform how public policy and services are delivered at the local level. This report profiles a number of Indonesian local transformative leaders, most notably Surabaya Mayor Tri Rismaharini and Bandung Mayor Ridwan Kamil. The report finds a number of characteristics that helped them to become transformative local leaders, including: an ability to develop popular legitimacy among their citizens, independence from political parties, ability to promote innovative policy to reform local public services, having strong political networks with senior politicians and other stakeholders, an ability to handle setbacks, and having political pragmatism. It is not yet known if these local “transformative leaders” can change the nature of national-level politics in Indonesia that is often characterised to be dominated by “oligarchic” party leaders. Nonetheless, they certainly have changed how politics and public policy are being done within their respective localities.
- Topic:
- Public Policy, Local, Services, and Decentralization
- Political Geography:
- Indonesia and Asia
66. The impact of pension system reform on projected old-age income: the case of Poland
- Author:
- Elena Jarocinska and Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska
- Publication Date:
- 05-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- This paper analyses the distributional effects of the Polish old-age pension reform introduced in 1999. Following a benchmark Mincer earnings equation, and using a newly developed microsimulation model we project future pension benefits for males born in years 1969–1979. We find that inequality of predicted first pension benefits measured by the Gini coefficient increases from 0.119 to 0.165 for cohorts of men retiring between 2036 and 2046. The observed increased inequality of pension benefits is due to the decreasing share of initial capital that is based on a more generous DB formula in the total accumulated pension capital. At the same time, inequality in replacements rates decreases due to a stronger link between contributions paid through the entire working life and pension benefits.
- Topic:
- Demographics, Economics, Labor Issues, Inequality, Social Policy, Public Policy, Innovation, and Aging
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Poland, and European Union
67. Odisha Urban Sanitation Policy and Strategy 2017
- Author:
- Centre for Policy Research
- Publication Date:
- 12-2016
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Centre for Policy Research, India
- Abstract:
- Over the past four years, the national policy environment and institutional response to sanitation have undergone a substantial change. The launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) and Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) have catapulted sanitation into the league of priority sectors. In the backdrop of such developments, Housing and Urban Development Department under the Government of Odisha sought to revise the Urban Sanitation Strategy 2011 with the able support from the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The revised Odisha Urban Sanitation Strategy 2017 and Odisha Urban Sanitation Policy 2017 make crucial strides towards the achievement of a Clean Odisha. The purview of the strategy has been expanded to address gaps in the entire sanitation value chain for the management of not only solid waste, but also liquid waste including faecal sludge/septage and menstrual hygiene. The revised strategy is grounded in the principles that have underpinned the Odisha government's efforts so far to provide the people with equitable and safe access to sanitation, along with establishing the most advanced sanitation infrastructure. Over the next ten years, concerned departments will work towards six objectives: (a) achieving open defecation free and (b) open discharge free urban areas; (c) effectively managing and treating solid waste; (d) ensuring that sewage, (e) septage/faecal sludge and liquid waste are safely treated and disposed; and (f) ensuring safety guidelines are followed in physical handling and management of waste. In addition, providing women and girls with safe access to menstrual hygiene has also been included as an objective in the revised strategy.
- Topic:
- Development, Health, Infrastructure, Governance, Public Policy, and Sanitation
- Political Geography:
- South Asia, India, and Asia
68. The Big Stuck in State Capability for Policy Implementation
- Author:
- Matt Andrews, Lant Pritchett, and Michael Woolcock
- Publication Date:
- 01-2016
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
- Abstract:
- We divide the 102 historically developing countries (HDCs) into those with ‘very weak’, ‘weak’, ‘middle’, and ‘strong’ state capability. Analyzing the levels and recent growth rates of the HDCs’ capability for policy implementation reveals how pervasively “stuck” most of them are. Only eight HDCs have attained strong capability, and since most of these are small (e.g., Singapore, UAE), less than 100 million (or 1.7%) of the roughly 5.8 billion people in HDCs currently live in high capability states. Almost half (49) of these countries have very weak or weak capability, and thus their long-run pace of acquiring capability is also very slow. Alarmingly, three quarters of these countries (36 of 49) have experienced negative growth in state capability in recent decades, while more than a third of all countries (36 of 102) have low and (in the medium run at least) deteriorating state capability. At current rates, the ‘time to high capability’ of the 49 currently weak capability states and the 36 with negative growth is obviously “forever”. But even for the 13 with positive growth, only three would reach strong capability by the end of the 21st century at their current medium run growth.
- Topic:
- Developing World, International Development, State, and Public Policy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus and United States of America
69. The impact of living and working longer on pension income in five European countries: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, the Netherlands and Poland
- Author:
- Andres Võrk, Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska, Elena Jarocinska, Niku Määttänen, Robert Gál, and Theo Nijman
- Publication Date:
- 05-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for Social and Economic Research - CASE
- Abstract:
- Life expectancies are rapidly increasing and uncertain in all countries in Europe. To keep pension systems affordable, policy reforms are to be implemented which will encourage individuals to work longer. In this paper we analyze the impact of working and living longer on pension incomes in five European countries and assess the impact of these policy reforms on the financial well-being of the elderly. The paper shows the diversity of the policy measures taken in these countries. Furthermore, we analyze the financial incentives for working longer and postponing claiming pension benefits and we assess the attractiveness of these options. Lastly, we study how increases in life expectancies and survival probabilities affect pension incomes.
- Topic:
- Demographics, Labor Issues, Social Policy, Labor Policies, Public Policy, Innovation, and Aging
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Finland, Poland, Estonia, Hungary, Netherlands, and European Union
70. Physician Shortages in the Indian Public Sector
- Author:
- Anjali Chikersal
- Publication Date:
- 06-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Centre for Policy Research, India
- Abstract:
- India is one of the few countries that has been estimated to have a “critical” shortage of health workers and therefore unlikely to be able to provide essential health interventions to its people (WHO 2006). The dire impacts of these shortages are evident from the fact that it has fallen short of meeting its MDG goals on several fronts. As the current discourse on Universal Health Care debates the means of expanding coverage to all citizens, the one aspect universally agreed upon is the persistent challenge that a shortage of health workforce in the public sector poses, and the pressing need to address this gap. This policy brief outlines the core issues at the root of the problem and examines the reasons for the severe shortages in the key element of this workforce, the physicians, in the Indian public sector. It then provides an overview of WHO’s Global Policy Recommendations to address this challenge and looks at the strategies that various Indian states have so far adopted. Finally, it offers a set of practical and goal oriented recommendations aimed at directly and urgently addressing the challenge in the Indian context.
- Topic:
- Health, Governance, Health Care Policy, Public Policy, and Public Sector
- Political Geography:
- South Asia and India