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52. Markets vs. Monopolies in Education: A Global Review of the Evidence
- Author:
- Andrew J. Coulson
- Publication Date:
- 09-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Cato Institute
- Abstract:
- Would large-scale, free-market reforms improve educational outcomes for American children? That question cannot be answered by looking at domestic evidence alone. Though innumerable “school choice” programs have been implemented around the United States, none has created a truly free and competitive education marketplace. Existing programs are too small, too restriction laden, or both. To understand how genuine market forces affect school performance, we must cast a wider net, surveying education systems from all over the globe. The present paper undertakes such a review, assessing the results of 25 years of international research comparing market and government provision of education, and explaining why these international experiences are relevant to the United States.
- Topic:
- Economics, Education, Government, and Markets
- Political Geography:
- United States
53. Dismal Science: The Shortcomings of U.S. School Choice Research and How to Address Them
- Author:
- John Merrifield
- Publication Date:
- 04-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Cato Institute
- Abstract:
- Pressing questions about the merits of market accountability in K-12 education have spawned a large scholarly literature. Unfortunately, much of that literature is of limited relevance, and some of it is misleading. The studies most widely cited in the United States used intense scrutiny of a few small-scale, restriction-laden U.S. programs—and a handful of larger but still restriction-laden foreign school choice expansions—to assert general conclusions about the effects of "choice," "competition," and "markets." The most intensely studied programs lack most or all of the key elements of market systems, including profit, price change, market entry, and product differentiation—factors that are normally central to any discussion of market effects. In essence, researchers have drawn conclusions about apples by studying lemons.
- Topic:
- Economics, Education, and Markets
- Political Geography:
- United States
54. The Wealth Trajectory: Rewards for the Few
- Author:
- N. Gregory Mankiw
- Publication Date:
- 04-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
- Abstract:
- Income inequality is rising, and in this article, AEI visiting scholar N. Gregory Mankiw looks at the statistical evidence and causes. Government policy, he says, is unlikely to be the culprit because inequality has risen in Democratic and Republican administrations--we need to look instead at skills-based technological change and educational attainment. Education, Mankiw says, is key to understanding the broader trends, but it cannot fully explain the incomes of the super-rich.
- Topic:
- Economics and Education
- Political Geography:
- United States
55. Little League, Huge Effect
- Author:
- Kevin A. Hassett and Scott Ganz
- Publication Date:
- 05-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
- Abstract:
- When pundits discuss the influence of sports on American culture, they often emphasize the negatives: Michael Vick and dog fighting, the steroids scandals in baseball, lewd fan behavior in football, or doping incidents in cycling and track. But below the radar of popular athletic culture is something that has profoundly shaped the lives of millions of Americans for the better: youth sports. A growing body of research is showing the social and economic benefits of participation in youth sports to be surprisingly large and overwhelmingly positive. Other things being equal, if a kid plays sports, he will earn more money, stay in school longer, and be more engaged in civic life.
- Topic:
- Demographics and Education
- Political Geography:
- United States
56. The Fiscal Impact of a Large-Scale Education Tax Credit Program
- Author:
- Andrew J. Coulson
- Publication Date:
- 07-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Cato Institute
- Abstract:
- In this paper we estimate the budgetary impact of the Cato Institute's Public Education Tax Credit model legislation on five states and presents a generalized spreadsheet tool (“the Fiscal Impact Calculator”) that can estimate the program's effect on any other state for which the necessary input data are supplied. It is estimated that, in its first 10 years of operation, savings from the PETC program would range from $1.1 billion for South Carolina to $15.9 billion for Texas. Illinois, Wisconsin, and New York are estimated to enjoy 10-year savings within that range.
- Topic:
- Education and Government
- Political Geography:
- United States and New York
57. Expanding Education Abroad at U.S. Community Colleges
- Author:
- Rosalind Latiner Raby
- Publication Date:
- 09-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- U.S. students and teachers are going abroad in growing numbers, gaining the international exposure and cross-cultural knowledge that will prepare them for their future role in an interconnected world. According to the Open Doors 2007 Report on International Educational Exchange, 223,534 U.S. students studied abroad for academic credit in 2005/06, an increase of 8.5 percent over the previous year, and a 150 percent increase over the past decade. Still, only a small percentage of U.S. students study abroad during their college years. The late Senator Paul Simon urged that America send abroad as many of our students as those coming to the U.S. from abroad, currently 583,000 and rising. IIE shares this goal of doubling the number of U.S. students abroad. It is imperative that efforts to expand the number of students studying abroad make efficient use of existing resources and insure that access to education abroad is available to all, including students of underrepresented economic and social groups.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, Globalization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- United States
58. Educational Exchange between the United States and China
- Publication Date:
- 07-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- Few countries have seen such rapid economic and educational change in so short a time period as China. Since 1978, when Deng Xiaoping began to send students and scholars to study abroad in large numbers as part of his broad modernization efforts, some 800,000 Chinese students and scholars have studied outside their home country. These numbers make China the overall largest supplier of international students to countries around the world over the past decade. The liberalization of the education sector, which accompanied China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, has also permitted more students from outside China to enter the Chinese educational system. The number of Americans studying abroad in China increased by over 500% in the past ten years, making China one of the top 10 study abroad destination countries for U.S. students, and one of the top 10 host countries for all internationally mobile students.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Economics, Education, and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- United States and China
59. Exploring Host Country Capacity for Increasing U.S. Study Abroad
- Author:
- Robert Gutierrez, Rajika Bhandari, and Daniel Obst
- Publication Date:
- 05-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of International Education
- Abstract:
- According to the Institute of International Education's most recent data, over 223,000 U.S. students annually study abroad for academic credit, and there are widespread calls to double, triple or even quadruple that number in the coming decade, sending students to more diverse destinations around the globe. Where would another 300,000-700,000 Americans go to study abroad? Which university systems, especially in the non-traditional destinations, have the capacity to absorb large increases when countries like India, China, Egypt, Turkey and Brazil are struggling to accommodate the demand for higher education by their own citizens? To begin addressing these important questions, the Institute of International Education launched Meeting America's Global Education Challenge, a focused policy research initiative which explores from multiple perspectives the challenge of substantially expanding the numbers and destinations of U.S. students studying overseas. In May 2007, IIE published its first White Paper in this series, Current Trends in U.S. Study Abroad the Impact of Strategic Diversity Initiatives.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Education, and Globalization
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, Europe, Turkey, Brazil, and Egypt
60. Changing the Game: The Federal Role in Supporting 21st Century Educational Innovation
- Author:
- Sara Mead and Andrew J. Rotherham
- Publication Date:
- 10-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- To resolve dramatic disparities in educational achievement and ensure future American workers are globally competitive, the federal government needs, as it has in the past, to change the game in public education. A robust new federal Office of Educational Entrepreneurship and Innovation within the Department of Education would expand the boundaries of public education by scaling up successful educational entrepreneurs, seeding transformative educational innovations, and building a stronger culture to support these activities throughout the public sector.
- Topic:
- Education
- Political Geography:
- United States