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1251. Lübnan 2012

Publication Date:
01-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:
In 2012, Lebanon has been visibly affected by the ongoing crisis and civil war in Syria. The war in Syria has severely contributed to the escalation of tension in the country and had detrimental impact upon the sectarian divide, elevating the risk of massive clashes. As a result, some sporadic conflicts took place in different places in Lebanon, raising the tension. In addition, Hezbollah has become more powerful and influential in the political scene; this attracted greater attention from the domestic and international actors. The bilateral relations between Turkey and Lebanon in 2012 have remained low profile, being limited to the concerns over the Syrian crisis. Turkey has attempted to take measures to ensure that the crisis in Syria would not have spillover effect in Lebanon; however, these attempts have barely worked.
Political Geography:
Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria

1252. Suudi Arabistan 2012

Publication Date:
01-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:
The wave of change of the Arab Spring, penetrating almost the entire Arab geography in 2011, has continued to be the main agenda of international relations of the region in 2012 as well. While Saudi Arabia, as a crucial regional actor, generally has maintained its opposite stance against the Arab Uprisings, it has had different position on the Syrian crisis and become the principle player due to its policy towards civil war in this country. On the other hand, the Saudi government has pursued a more active foreign policy orientation due to vulnerability of its regime's security and stability at home and its weakening influence in the region that the Arab Spring brought about. Particularly, deprived of a powerful Arab ally owing to Arab Spring, Saudi Arabia has attempted to turn the Gulf Cooperation Council into the “Gulf Union” and to increase the members of the organization. At the same time, pursuing containment policy against Iran, Saudi Arabia has intensified its strategic cooperation with Turkey in military, economic and political areas.
Political Geography:
Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Syria

1253. Suriye 2012

Author:
Nebi Miş
Publication Date:
01-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:
Suriye'deki halk ayaklanmasının ardından çatışmaların yoğunlaşması ve katliamların artmasının ardından sorunun çözümüne yönelik uluslararası ve bölgesel çözüm arayışları 2011 yılının sonuna doğru yoğunlaşmıştır. 2012 yılında ise, Esad yönetimin yaptığı katliamları durdurmaya dönük çabalar uluslararası farklı inisiyatifler ve oluşumlar nezdinde, özellikle soruna bölgesel ve küresel güçlerin farklı yaklaşımının da bir sonucu olarak, sürdürülmüştür. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Suriye'de yaşanan krizin sonlandırılmasına dönük uluslararası ve bölgesel inisiyatifleri merkeze koyarak, sorunu ele alacaktır. Sorun ele alınırken, kronolojik sıra konular etrafında takip edilmiş, yıl içinde yaşanan gelişmeler farklı konu başlıkları üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bazı gelişmelerin ele alınması bilinçli olarak Türkiye-Suriye ilişkileri incelenirken detaylandırılmıştır. Son olarak, 2012 yılı içinde Suriye'de ortaya çıkan tablonun siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik yönüne bazı sayısal veriler temelinde değinilecektir.
Political Geography:
Syria

1254. Ürdün 2012

Publication Date:
01-2012
Content Type:
Journal Article
Abstract:
Jordan is one of the countries where violence was relatively low but protests still continue during the Arab Spring. The Gulf Monarchies and the Western countries do not favor a regime change as a result of the Arab Spring in Jordan. They, therefore, support Jordanian regime in every angle. Despite this support, Jordanians were eager in their anti-regime protests. The demonstrations against the regime of King Abdallah were especially visible in 2012. One of the most important problems of Jordan in 2012 was the question of refugees who escaped from the civil war in Syria. According to official figures, the number of the refugees has scaled up to 200.000, but informal records claim that there are 400.000 Syrian refugees in Jordan. Fulfilling the economic needs of Syrian refugees is a huge burden on Jordan's economy. Foreign-dependent economic structure of Jordan is still a vital problem for the regime. The attempt to establish a nuclear power station which aimed to reduce the foreign dependency was surprisingly stopped after the nuclear explosion in Fukishima. The events that took place before the general elections of January 2013, were one of the most important processes of the politics of Jordan in 2012. Jordanian regime has accelerated the political reforms after the Arab Spring. In this regard, the assignment of the prime minister in consultation with the parliament, increasing the number of members, and revision of the electoral system were decided by changing the election law. However, the Islamic Action Front, the most powerful opposition party, declared that they would boycott the elections, because the new regime based on the new election law allegedly aimed to strengthen the regime supporters and did not ensure democratic participation.
Topic:
Economics
Political Geography:
Syria and Jordan

1255. Disrupting Atrocity Enablers

Publication Date:
07-2012
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Human Rights First
Abstract:
In its brutal crackdown on civilians, the regime of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria has committed mass atrocities. These crimes are not only a human rights catastrophe but also, as the Obama Administration says, a threat to U.S. national security. Yet American diplomatic efforts have failed to curb the violence.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Political Violence, Human Rights, and Armed Struggle
Political Geography:
America, Middle East, and Syria

1256. The Perception of Turkey in the Middle East 2012

Author:
Mensur Akgün and Sabiha Senyücel Gündoğar
Publication Date:
12-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
The report entails the findings of the fourth annual survey conducted by TESEV Foreign Policy Programme in collaboration with KA Research between August 3- 28, 2012. As in previous years, the public opinion survey reveals interesting insights into the recent Middle Eastern viewpoints, perceptions and expectations. 2800 Respondents from 16 countries of the region reflect on Turkey’s role and regional challenges in the light of current happenings.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Politics, Regional Cooperation, and Public Opinion
Political Geography:
Turkey, Middle East, Kuwait, Libya, Yemen, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, Qatar, Tunisia, Oman, and UAE

1257. A Test for Turkey’s Foreign Policy: The Syria Crisis

Author:
Doğan Ertuğrul
Publication Date:
06-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
“A Test for Turkey’s Foreign Policy: The Syria Crisis “is written by the Star Newspaper columnist Doğan Ertuğrul. Ertuğrul, who has been working on Iran, northern Iraq and the Kurdish issue for over 10 years, has produced numerous research papers and articles concerning the political system in Iran, Iranian Kurds and other minorities as well as political groups in northern Iraq. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the situation in Syria since March 2011 and elaborates on Turkish and Iranian policies towards Syria. It further examines the competition between Tehran and Ankara along with the perception of Turkey in the region.
Topic:
International Relations, Foreign Policy, Arab Spring, and Syrian War
Political Geography:
Iran, Turkey, Middle East, and Syria

1258. Le rêve arabe de la Turquie brisé par la crise syrienne (The Syrian Crisis Shatters Turkey’s Arab Dream)

Author:
Bayram Balci
Publication Date:
11-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI)
Abstract:
For ideological and practical reasons the AKP government, in power since November 2002, has engaged in a policy of progressive integration of Turkey into the Muslim, and more particularly, the Arab world. This policy has been facilitated by the country’s booming economy and assertive foreign policy. Turkey, whose government embraced a political ideology similar to those, brought to power by the Arab Spring, benefitted greatly from the ideological effects of the Arab Spring. These benefits were enhanced by the fact that the political ideology of those brought to power by the « Arab Spring » was similar to that of the AKP. Turkey appeared to be becoming a model for the Arab world. However, the crisis in Syria, a country central to Turkey’s Arab policy, and the inability of the Turkish government to remain neutral has put an end to Turkey’s Arab dream. Turkish engagement in the Syrian crisis has caused deterioration in Turkey’s relations with a number of its neighbors and forced it to renew ties with its traditional western allies from whom it had hoped to distance itself in order to be an independent regional and international player.
Topic:
International Relations, Politics, Arab Spring, and Regional Integration
Political Geography:
Turkey, Middle East, and Syria

1259. Global Development - Democracy, Market and Transparency 2011

Author:
Gabriel C. Salvia and Hernán Alberro
Publication Date:
06-2012
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for the Opening and Development of Latin America (CADAL)
Abstract:
Chile heads the regional ranking, rising one position to 15th overall since 2010, overtaking Austria. Uruguay is the second country in the regional ranking and finds itself in 23rd place worldwide. Costa Rica continues its descent, losing five places since 2010 but maintaining its third place in the regional ranking, followed by Panama.
Topic:
Development, Human Rights, Markets, Democracy, and Transparency
Political Geography:
Brazil, Latin America, Syria, Chile, and New Zealand

1260. Turkey's Eurasian Agenda

Author:
F. Stephen Larrabee
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Washington Quarterly
Institution:
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Abstract:
In the last two decades, Eurasia has emerged as an area of growing strategic importance for Turkey. Much media attention has been driven by Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, with Turkey's rapprochement with Iran and Syria, its close ties to Hamas, and the growing strains in Ankara's relations with Israel prompting concerns in various Western capitals, including Washington, that Turkey is reorienting its ties away from the West and toward the East. Yet, Turkey has also pursued important foreign policy initiatives toward Central Asia and the Caucasus.
Political Geography:
Central Asia, Turkey, and Syria