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52. Spanish Defence Policy against the Threat of Jihadist Terrorism / La política de defensa de España ante la amenaza del terrorismo yihadista
- Author:
- Juan Antonio Moliner
- Publication Date:
- 06-2015
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal on International Security Studies (RESI)
- Institution:
- International Security Studies Group (GESI) at the University of Granada
- Abstract:
- The thesis defended is that jihadist terrorism, whose final purpose is the political planning of society based upon a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, constitutes a serious threat to Spain. Examined and addressed as any other threat, before it the only possible response is fighting back. In that analysis, the concepts of Security and Defense, today closely linked, are taken as starting points. The concept of Defense policy is also covered, and, after describing the Spanish Defense policy to face that threat, the imperative need to attain community and citizens support is justified, so that its vital necessity permeates on society, as well as the importance that those Defense policies, which serve to protect the society and its interests, require every additional effort to be sustained and maintained properly.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Terrorism, and Jihad
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Spain
53. Recurring Border Crises: Permanent Exception in Spain | Récurrence de la crise frontalière : l’exception permanente en Espagne
- Author:
- Lorenzo Gabrielli
- Publication Date:
- 09-2015
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- This article analyses the “bordering” process in Spain, notably with regard to its relation to ever-reoccurring “migration crises” at certain areas of the border. More specifically, it addresses the ways in which a structural phenomenon such as illegal immigration is politicized and managed as “exceptional” at the Spanish border. To better understand this dynamic, it analyses, on the one hand, the case of Ceuta and Melilla as pivotal sites of the execution of emergency, and, on the other hand, the Canary Islands as a temporary hotspot. Then, it decodes the elements hidden by the Spanish “bordering by crises” approach and its consequences. In particular, it exposes the way in which emergency management produces a de facto state of exception and excess at segments of the border carrying particular symbolic significance. Finally, it addresses the reasons behind this constant emergency management, namely asking whether emergency management provides an escape from the constraints imposed by fundamental and basic rights.
- Topic:
- Migration, Governance, Border Control, and Borders
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Spain, and Canary Islands
54. Income Inequality Developments in the Great Recession
- Author:
- Tomas Hellebrandt
- Publication Date:
- 01-2014
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Peterson Institute for International Economics
- Abstract:
- The Great Recession, which cost tens of millions of jobs, a collapse of asset values around the world, and threatened the global financial system, has generated renewed concern over the long-standing issue of the fairness of the distribution of wealth and income in many societies. Economic inequality has increased in the United States and many other advanced economies over the past 20 to 30 years. This trend generated less worry in the boom years, when unemployment rates were low and cheap credit enabled consumers to borrow and maintain higher standards of living, masking the impact of growing income disparity on consumption patterns and perceptions of well-being.
- Topic:
- Debt, Economics, International Trade and Finance, Poverty, Social Stratification, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Ireland
55. Échange avec Montserrat Sans sur la dimension judiciaire de la question des disparus en Espagne
- Author:
- Montserrat Sans
- Publication Date:
- 04-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- C : En 2002, vous avez présenté un texte devant le groupe de travail de l'ONU sur les disparitions forcées de personnes. Quel était l'enjeu d'une éventuelle intervention de l'ONU dans ce cas précis, en relation au cas des disparitions perpétrées en Espagne ? Montserrat Sans : Ce n'est qu'en 2001 que les nouvelles générations, nées après la transition espagnole, prennent conscience de l'ampleur des atrocités de la guerre civile (1936-1939), des milliers de corps anonymes sans sépulture, de la chape de plomb sur la répression franquiste. Le silence sur l'horreur de cette guerre a continué à peser dans le quotidien de la transition à la démocratie (1976-1978). Les manuels scolaires ne parlaient ni des milliers de fusillés, ni des dizaines de camps de prisonniers politiques, mais insistaient seulement sur les aspects militaires des grandes batailles. Avec l'irruption sur la scène publique du journaliste Emilio Silva recherchant son grand-père fusillé par les troupes franquistes, et retrouvant à ses côtés les treize corps des conseillers municipaux du Bierzo, la presse espagnole a commencé à se faire l'écho d'un phénomène jusqu'alors inavouable : des milliers de disparus jonchent les terres d'Espagne ! Comment justifier que, après pratiquement trois décennies, la démocratie n'ait pas eu un geste institutionnel à l'égard des familles de ces instituteurs, travailleurs agricoles, ouvriers « paseados » par les troupes du général Franco ? L'action devant le Groupe de travail sur les disparitions forcées de l'ONU se situe dans un double contexte national : le second mandat du président Aznar, chantre de la droite catholico- nationaliste qui établit que la démocratie est née par génération spontanée au moment de la transition espagnole, niant donc toute légitimité à la République espagnole ; et le verrouillage systématique du pouvoir judiciaire, à savoir : L'impossibilité d'obtenir un mécanisme institutionnel donnant aux familles des victimes antifranquistes la possibilité de récupérer leurs corps (droit à exhumer) ou d'obtenir des informations sur les circonstances et le lieu de leur mort (identification des restes, transfert des corps vers des cimetières municipaux, etc.). L'attitude des juges déboutant à coups de loi d'amnistie (voir ci-après) toutes les demandes des familles clamant leur droit à donner une digne sépulture aux restes d'un père, allant même, dans certains cas, à nier l'existence même de la victime par manque de preuves. L'urgence de trouver une solution pour des dizaines de veuves dont le dernier désir était de reposer auprès de leur mari. Face à ce blindage légal et judiciaire, l'internationalisation du phénomène, l'appel à l'aide de l'ONU étaient incontournables pour mettre en évidence le manque de protection juridique des familles de disparus, le maintien du deuil suspendu qu'implique toute disparition, et l'impunité gérée par les autorités en place. Toutes ces conditions sont conformes à ce que la communauté internationale qualifie comme un affront à l'humanité.
- Political Geography:
- Spain
56. The latest shift in Spain-Latin America migration — Chile's start-up ecosystem — Mexico's aviation parts industry
- Author:
- Aurora Garcia Ballesteros and Beatriz Cristina Jiminez Blasco
- Publication Date:
- 04-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Americas Quarterly
- Institution:
- Council of the Americas
- Abstract:
- Latin America has historically played an important role in Spain's migratory cycles—both as a sender and as a recipient. Spanish political immigration to the hemisphere surged following the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and again after World War II, when Spaniards flocked to Latin America for economic reasons. The flow reversed with the late-1980s economic crises in Latin America. Between 1996 and 2010, Latin Americans in Spain—measured by those who obtained Spanish citizenship—grew nearly tenfold, from 263,190 to 2,459,089. Now Europe's economic crisis, which has acutely affected Spain, is causing the flows to shift again. According to data from Spain's National Institute of Statistics (INE), for the first time in this century, more people are now leaving Spain than moving to it. Net migration in 2011 was reported at negative 50,090 people, with 507,740 leaving Spain and 457,650 arriving.
- Topic:
- Economics, Migration, and War
- Political Geography:
- Latin America and Spain
57. II Informe sobre el estado de la cultura en España 2014: la salida digital
- Author:
- Enrique Bustamante
- Publication Date:
- 02-2014
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Fundación Alternativas
- Abstract:
- Han transcurrido tres años desde que la Fundación Alternativas elaboró el primer informe sobre el estado de la Cultura en España. En aquella ocasión, después de hacer un repaso de la situación en los diferentes sectores culturales, se llegó a la conclusión de que nuestras políticas culturales obtenían un aprobado raspado, pues nunca ha sido nuestro fuerte, como país, dedicar la debida atención en medios, al mundo de la cultura. A tenor de este II Informe que, con el título «La salida digital», publicamos ahora, seguramente no obtendría, nuestra cultura, ni tan siquiera un modesto aprobado y quiero dejar claro, con el fin de evitar confusiones, que cuando hablamos de la situación o estado de la cultura no nos referimos a los creadores culturales que los hay en abundancia y de gran mérito, sino a las políticas culturales que se realizan, ya sea desde el ámbito público como privado. He sostenido, desde hace tiempo, que España reúne las mejores condiciones para ser una potencia cultural, aunque solo fuera por ese arma formidable que es su lengua, la segunda más hablada del mundo y con tendencia a la expansión. No obstante, desde los poderes públicos y desde instancias privadas, no se le presta el apoyo debido, ya sea en términos de legislación, de fiscalidad, de patrocinio o institucional. No es normal que en un momento de grave y sostenida crisis económica, como la actual, se haya castigado fiscalmente a nuestras industrias culturales, se haya recortado de manera drástica la inversión en cultura, se hayan deteriorado las condiciones laborales de sus actores o se haya eliminado el Ministerio de las Culturas, por solo mencionar algunos estragos.
- Topic:
- International Relations
- Political Geography:
- Spain
58. Observations about the Spanish Economy
- Author:
- Eduardo Aguirre
- Publication Date:
- 03-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Institution:
- Council of American Ambassadors
- Abstract:
- "Our relationship with Spain needs to improve...fix it!" That was the main theme of my Oval Office meeting with President George W. Bush before I left for my post in Madrid in 2005. The president had reviewed a draft of my list of priorities in Spain and agreed with its substance. He also underscored the issues that were more important to him, injecting personal observations, and a few choice colorful words, that as a fellow Texan, I had no problems understanding.
- Political Geography:
- Spain
59. Catalan Secessionism: Young People's Expectations and Political Change
- Author:
- Montserrat Guibernau
- Publication Date:
- 09-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- The International Spectator
- Institution:
- Istituto Affari Internazionali
- Abstract:
- Various factors have triggered the recent shift from devolution to secession in Catalonia: the Aznar government's lack of response to demands for greater autonomy for Catalonia, the legal challenging of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia and, increasingly, economic arguments as Catalan society endures a harsh economic crisis. After evaluating the impact of the Spanish transition to democracy upon younger generations' expectations regarding the meaning and content of democracy in post-Franco Spain, it is argued that democracy based upon 'consensus' rather than 'majoritarian democracy' would be better suited to respond to national minorities' demands in Spain.
- Topic:
- Economics, Government, and Political Theory
- Political Geography:
- Spain
60. Speaking a Common Language with Latin America: Economics
- Author:
- Jose W. Fernandez
- Publication Date:
- 03-2014
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Americas Quarterly
- Institution:
- Council of the Americas
- Abstract:
- United States-Latin American relations have often suffered from a disconnect. While we stress security issues, the region's leaders speak of poverty reduction and trade. They resent being seen as afterthoughts to U.S. policies focused elsewhere. As a result, the region is sporadically open to new suitors, such as Spanish investors 15 years ago, or the Chinese today.
- Topic:
- Economics and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, Latin America, and Spain