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571. Baloch Resistance during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Era: Causes and Consequences

Author:
Gulshan Majeed and Rehana Saeed Hashmi
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
Rising insurgency in Balochistan is one of the most serious threats to the federation of Pakistan. The Baloch tribal homeland is a vast area of desert and mountains. Geographically the province of Balochistan is considered the largest province of Pakistan while demographically it is smallest. Balochistan is the most underdeveloped province of Pakistan and this under-development reveals the alarming situation .Since 1947 Baloch have been facing different forms of deprivations and this sense of deprivation amongst Baloch has become one of the major reasons to give birth a number of uprisings against the federal government. Political arrangements under long military rules added doubts in the minds of Baloch people who had a scant representation in military and civil services of Pakistan. This situation has become a major source to strengthen sense of nationalism among the people of Balochistan. This study will highlight various causes of third Baloch insurgency during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's era and its impacts on Pakistan.
Topic:
Nationalism, History, Insurgency, Deprivation, Coercion, and Confidence Building Measures
Political Geography:
Pakistan, South Asia, and Balochistan

572. Indo-Pakistan Trade Relations: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Daily Dawn

Author:
Noshina Saleem, Sadia Jabeen, Sonia Omer, and Mian Ahmad Hanan
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the role of discourse indicating socio-political and economic situation of bilateral relations between India and Pakistan. It gives an analysis of 37 articles published in Dawn regarding bilateral trade ties between India and Pakistan over the period of 2 years i.e. june2011 to June 2013. This study is an overview of Dawn’s perspective regarding the changing ties between two nations on the basis of increasing interaction in business sector. Further, the nature of relationship is explained with help of revealed themes and characterization of the words and grammatical features. The article concludes that shift in bilateral relations of two countries is visible in context of increasing trade ties on parallel basis.
Topic:
International Relations, Economics, Bilateral Relations, and Trade
Political Geography:
Pakistan, South Asia, and India

573. Historical Perspective of Pakistan USA Relations; Lessons for Pakistan

Author:
Umbreen Javaid and Imrana Mushtaq
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
The United States and Pakistan established diplomatic relations in 1947 the US agreement to provide economic and military assistance to Pakistan and the latter’s partnership in the CENTO and SETO strengthened relations between the two nations. However, that US suspension of military assistance during the 1965, 1971, 1975, generated a white spread feeling in Pakistan that the United States was not a reliable ally. The soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 highlighted the common interest of Pakistan and the United States in peace and stability in South Asia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Pakistan US relationship in historical perspective, highlighting lesson that Pakistan should learn from its past’s experiences with the US and recommended a viable strategy for the future.
Topic:
Diplomacy, Bilateral Relations, Taliban, and War on Terror
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

574. Analysis of Population Growth and Urban Development in Lahore-Pakistan using Geospatial Techniques: Suggesting some future Options

Author:
Safdar Ali Shirazi and Syed Jamil H. Kazmi
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
Population is the main focus in all studies within the framework of geography because population and basic natural resources are intimately related to each other and with the prospects of urban development and quality of the environment in a region. Therefore, the study and analysis of population growth and distribution in the urban development is the logical starting point for any research of the present nature. Lahore is 2nd largest city of Pakistan in terms of its share in total population of the country. The total population of Lahore was 6,318,745 as per 1998 Census. Systematic monitoring of the urban development, proper management of the City and planned future development would lead to improvement in the living standards and environmental conditions of the millions of people living in the city of Lahore. Remote sensing along with the GIS technology can be used effectively and economically in the analysis and the inventory of urban development and land use and land cover study of the urban settlements. It provides database for the site suitability for further urban development and growth corridors in this fast growing metropolis of the country.
Topic:
Development, Natural Resources, Urban, Population Growth, and Cities
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

575. Socially Abhorrent but Legally Acceptable: A Study of Alleged Conversions of Sunnis and Shias in Cases of Inheritance in Pakistan

Author:
Shahbaz Ahmad Cheema
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
There are two main sectarian divisions among Muslims living in Pakistan; these are Sunni and Shia schools of thought. It is socially abhorred within these sects that a person belonging to them converts to another. This seems to be the reason that conversions from one sect to another are not found often in Pakistani society. If this social phenomenon of non-conversion is compared with the cases of inheritance contested in and decided by the apex judiciary of Pakistan we would be surprised by the fact that there are numerous stories of alleged conversions from Sunnism to Shiaism and vice versa. Analyzing the cases of inheritance decided by the apex judiciary of Pakistan, the paper explores the reasons of such conversions or assertions thereof. The analysis suggests that these conversions are mostly alleged and contested by the parties to such cases to enrich themselves financially or deprive the other party from any financial benefits which would have accrued had the propositus proved to be belonged to the other sect. The paper also brings to light how this space of maneuvering has been facilitated by different interpretations of law of inheritance by Sunni and Shia schools of thought.
Topic:
Courts, Sunni, Shia, Sharia, and Inheritance
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

576. Socio-economic Status and Domestic Violence: A Study on Married Women in Urban Lahore, Pakistan

Author:
Sana Ashraf Chatha, Khalil Ahmad, and Karim Sajjad Sheikh
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
The present paper examined the association between women’s socio-economic status and their exposure to domestic violence in urban Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected from married women through household survey of various socio-economic neighbourhoods of Lahore in 2012. The findings of the present study showed significant relationship between women’s socio-economic status and their exposure to domestic violence. Women’s age, educational attainment and economic dependence were associated with their exposure to domestic violence. The findings of the present study underscored the importance of women’s educational attainments and increased access to employment opportunities in lessening their vulnerability to domestic violence.
Topic:
Women, Violence, Marriage, Socioeconomics, and Domestic Violence
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

577. Women Prisoners: A Case Study of Central Jail, Kot Lakhpat, Lahore

Author:
Khalid Manzoor Butt
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
Despite having kaleidoscopic culture, discrimination of womenfolk is quite common in Pakistan even today – seemingly fulfilling an undeclared agenda that women should be restricted from having liberty, education, economic exposure, and rights. But going behind the bars makes them even more vulnerable and adds to their exploitation because of the stigma they carry for whole of their lives. This descriptive research deals with the crucial issue of women prisoners in Pakistan; identify the factors that lead the involvement of women in criminal activities; and looks into the condition of women prisoners in jail through qualitative methodology.
Topic:
Crime, Prisons/Penal Systems, Women, and Courts
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

578. Peace Talks with Taliban: Expectations, Realities and Way Forward

Author:
Attiq ur-Rehman
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
The prodigious campaign of Taliban has emerged as the gravest threat to political stability, social harmony, and economic growth of Pakistan while weakening the contemporary political, social and economic structure of the country. In this way, the combination of religious orthodox and Islamic militancy has emerged as one of the potential challenges for Islamabad. The growing Islamic vigilance in the form of Taliban has forced the Nawaz administration of Pakistan to overcome the threatening Taliban campaign which has reached into its zenith, and caused social, political, religious and sectarian intolerance in the country. Therefore, the leading decision makers of Islamabad decided to arrange a peace talk with Taliban. The optimistic behaviour of Nawaz government prefers to adopt an irrational policy instead of calculating the hard-core realities associated to the Taliban, which is an ideological phenomenon rather than a force of clerically devoted combatants. In order to accelerate a dialogue based peace process with Taliban, it is essential to comprehend the combination of cleric and political creeds inherited in Talibanization. Abandoned fighting force of Taliban is seeking adequate and persistently dispassionate approach rather than a counterfeit talk policy. Therefore, the central theme of the research tries to define the level of incompatibility between estimated expectations and ground realities while forecasting the applicable and implementable way forward.
Topic:
Security, Economics, Politics, Taliban, Drones, Peace, Political Extremism, and Instability
Political Geography:
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and South Asia

579. A Comparative Study Evaluating Performance of Old Traffic Police (OTP) & New Traffic Police (NTP) in Twin Cities (Rawalpindi & Islamabad)

Author:
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi, Latafat Aziz, and Asim Muneeb Khan
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
The effectiveness of the law enforcement agencies is quite essential for provision of good public services to masses and ensuring law and order. Traffic Police is an important component of policing that secures lives through proper implementation of traffic laws. A study was conducted in twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad to explore the effectiveness of the new Traffic Police system and to judge how it performed comparatively better than that of old traffic police. A Random sample of 266 respondents who possessed driving licenses and driving vehicles was drawn from public and private sector institutions and from general public. This included university faculty, drivers in the university departments, taxi and bus drivers and general public driving their personal vehicles. A pre designed questionnaire was used to collect data through field surveys. The study reported that NTP are fair in their dealings with public, have good attitudes in terms of traffic regulation. They provide safety to all road users without discrimination and ensure rule of law through equal application. They strictly follow rules, are having courteous attitude, have mature dealing with public and arrive timely in case of the accident. It was concluded that such type of cultural change needs to be planned in general police especially those working in police stations.
Topic:
Law, Police, Cities, and Behavior
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

580. Impact of Microcredit Scheme on Socio-economic Status of Farmers (A case study of PRSP in District Gujranwala)

Author:
Muhammad Alam, Raza Ullah, Ali Iqtidar Mirza, Waqar Saleem, Mehboob Elahi, and Hamid Sultan
Publication Date:
07-2014
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
South Asian Studies
Institution:
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
Pakistan is an agricultural country and the majority of the population belongs to rural areas, therefore rural sector is the main source of economic development and manpower in the country. The development of rural areas is essential for the enhancement of agriculture sector and for the betterment of rural communities. The aim of the present study was to find the impact of microcredit on socio- economic status and living standards of the farmers in rural areas of district Gujranwala. The universe for the present study was all farmers who got loan from the Punjab Rural Support Program in district Gujranwala for agricultural purpose. The Sample of 185 respondents was selected from the targeted population using the simple random sampling technique. A survey was conducted to carry out the study in which a close ended structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the farmers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to draw the results from the study. Through descriptive analysis, the study clearly demonstrated that microcredit has played a positive role in improving the socioeconomic status of farmers after getting the loan. In this regard the study observed that microcredit played the positive role in changing and improving the living standards, diet patterns, health status and childrens education of the respondents. Chi square test was used to test the proposed hypothesis of the study and to verify the association between variables. The results of the Chi square test revealed that there was a significant impact of microcredit in improving socioeconomic status and household living standard of the farmers.
Topic:
Agriculture, Health, Microcredit, Dietary Habits, Farmers, and Standard of Living
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia