Political Geography: Nicaragua / Publication Year: within 25 Years

Author:: Ferdinando Regalía and Leslie Castro
Publication Date:: 04-2007
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Center for Global Development
Abstract:: Nicaragua's Red de Protección Social (RPS) is one of the first conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs implemented in a low-income country. Demand-side incentives, in the form of monetary transfers, are provided to poor households on condition that their children attend school and visit preventive health care providers. The design of the program is unique among CCT programs because these demand-side incentives are complemented by supply-side incentives aimed at improving the provision of health care. Health care providers are paid on the basis of their performance against predetermine d targets. Both private and nonprofit health care providers contracted by the government extend the coverage of services to previously underserved areas.
Topic:: Education, Health, Non-Governmental Organization, and Poverty
Political Geography:: Nicaragua

Author:: Anika Oettler, Peetz. Peter, and Sebastien Huhn
Publication Date:: 11-2006
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: German Institute of Global and Area Studies
Abstract:: It has become common to state that criminal violence has superseded political violence in Central America. This paper presents the first results of a research project which analyses the social construction of violent realities in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua. The authors describe the print media landscape in Central America and examine both the quality of leading newspapers and the main clusters of topics constituting the news discourse on violence. The analysis of the macro-structure of topic management in Central American newspapers allows to differentiate the “talk of crime”: it is more heterogeneous than often thought. There are signs that the problem of juvenile delinquency is emerging as the center of a cross-country discourse on “ordinary violence”. On the other hand, the talk of crime is centered around few topic clusters, with sexual violence and border-related discourse on violence being of key importance. Finally, the paper points to a heterogeneous array of discourse events that is connected to political developments and power-relations.
Topic:: Security, Civil Society, and Crime
Political Geography:: Central America, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador

Author:: Charles W. Parker III
Publication Date:: 06-2005
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
Abstract:: This essay argues that military doctrine shapes the nature of United States foreign interventions. In particular, the U.S. military's concepts of “war” and “Military Operations Other Than War” (MOOTW), and the resulting institutional orientation of the Pentagon towards such contingencies, have had a profound impact on the planning and execution of contingencies around the world since the U.S. became a great power. Before World War II, MOOTW-like military interventions were commonplace and mostly successful in the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. Most military interventions such as the Philippines War of 1899-1901 and in the Caribbean (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Panama, Nicaragua) between 1899 and 1941 were successful limited campaigns that helped consolidate the United States as a regional and global power. U.S. military doctrine and capabilities in counterinsurgency, peace enforcement, and foreign internal defense, were robust. This core competency of the U.S. military was lost in the large scale and conventional struggles against the Axis powers and later the Soviet Union.
Topic:: Foreign Policy and War
Political Geography:: United States, Soviet Union, Cuba, Central America, Nicaragua, Haiti, and Dominican Republic

Author:: Axel Borchgrevink and Anníbal Ramírez Rodrígues
Publication Date:: 06-2003
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: Since 1997, FADCANIC has been implementing a training program for unqualified teachers working in primary schools of Nicaragua's Southern autonomous region of the Atlantic Coast. SAIH, the Norwegian NGO that has been funding this program, has commissioned the present evaluation. It concludes that the program has had a significant impact in terms of improving education in the region through addressing one of the most urgent needs of the educational sector, namely teacher qualifications. However, the evaluation also points out a number of other limitations for the sector, including lack of resources for materials, physical infrastructure and reasonable teacher salaries, as well as general social problems of the region. It recommends that the program is continued, and that even greater emphasis is put upon creating a teacher education appropriate to the multilingual and -cultural reality.
Topic:: Development, Education, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:: Norway, Central America, and Nicaragua

Author:: Susanne Possing
Publication Date:: 09-2003
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Danish Institute for International Studies
Abstract:: The report focuses on civil society experience with locally identified priorities for poverty eradication, an area little examined and less discussed in the international debate on PRSP to date.In the three N/S PRSP Programme countries, Honduras, Nicaragua and Zambia, civil society organisations have been involved in efforts to identify national as well as local priorities for poverty eradication. Taking the point of departure in involvement of CS with PRSP planning and monitoring at both levels, the paper presents a range of challenges and dilemmas for civil society in its efforts to combat poverty. Special attention is given to civil society initiatives and response to PRSP in provinces, districts and communities.
Topic:: Agriculture, Civil Society, Government, and Politics
Political Geography:: Nicaragua, Honduras, and Zambia

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