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2. Regulating Reciprocal Distances: House construction projects as inverse governmentality in Maputo, Mozambique
- Author:
- Morten Nielsen
- Publication Date:
- 12-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- Although reciprocal relationships with neighbours and local-level civil servants are of paramount importance to people living on the outskirts of Maputo, Mozambique, they also harbour destructive potentials. In an unstable urban environment built on a presumption of malice, it is consequently important only to reveal what needs to be seen while concealing those facets which might awaken unwanted desires. This working paper examines how residents in a periurban area seek to position themselves at appropriate distances to important but potentially dangerous others. It is argued that house-building constitutes a potent medium for proportioning viable distances so that reciprocal exchanges can be realized without being harmed by presumed greedy and envious others. In particular, the paper explores how house-builders imitate urban norms which state and municipality claim to be using but which they are incapable of implementing. Through such processes of inverse governmentality, illegal occupancy acquires a form of pragmatic legitimacy when appearing to materialise state-defined urban norms.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution and Sociology
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Mozambique
3. How Soon Can Donors Exit From Post-Conflict States?
- Author:
- Satish Chand and Ruth Coffman
- Publication Date:
- 02-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- When can a donor (successfully) exit from an on-the -ground presence in a post-conflict state? The answer, according to the analysis presented here, is in decades: figures well beyond what was originally envisioned when peacekeeping troops were first deployed. In the specific cases of Liberia, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste considered here, the best case scenario for successful exit ranges from 15 to 27 years. Successful exit, for the purposes of this paper, entails the creation of the necessary fiscal space to fund the recurrent budget from internally generated revenues. This is a necessary, albeit, not sufficient condition for donor exit. Of essence, however, is the time rather than the dollar value of support provided. An extended donor presence, it is argued, provides the space for the creation, sustenance, and maturation of institutions that are finally able to undergird the state from rolling back into state failure on donor exit.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Development, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Asia, Liberia, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste
4. Ending Wars and Building Peace
- Author:
- Charles Call and Elizabeth Cousens
- Publication Date:
- 03-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Peace Institute
- Abstract:
- Ending armed conflict has long been a concern of practitioners and scholars of international relations. Recent years have seen new attention to questions of “building peace” beyond the immediate termination of war, primarily driven by the experience of civil wars in the 1990s and the very mixed record of international involvement—from relative successes like Namibia, Mozambique, and El Salvador through partial successes like Cambodia, Bosnia, and East Timor to abysmal failures like Angola and Rwanda.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Peace Studies, Terrorism, and War
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Cambodia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Angola, and Namibia
5. Peacekeeping and the Peackept: Where Peacekeepers Go
- Author:
- Virginia Page Fortna
- Publication Date:
- 03-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for International Studies, University of Southern California
- Abstract:
- Because peacekeeping is not distributed to conflicts at random, to understand its effects, we need to understand where it tends to be used. This chapter investigates the question of where peacekeepers get sent – what distinguishes conflicts that receive international peacekeeping from those that do not? Why were peacekeepers sent to El Salvador and Namibia but not to the Philippines or Palestine? Why no peacekeeping in Northern Ireland, monitors to South Africa, traditional peacekeepers to Papua New Guinea, a multidimensional mission to Cambodia, and an enforcement mission to Liberia? Why peacekeeping in Mozambique and, eventually in Sierra Leone, but not in Bangladesh? What explains this variation across civil war cases?
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Organization, Politics, and War
- Political Geography:
- Bangladesh, South Africa, Philippines, Palestine, Cambodia, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Ireland, and Papua
6. Building Civilian Capacity for Conflict Management and Sustainable Peace
- Author:
- Shepard Forman
- Publication Date:
- 06-2004
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Center on International Cooperation
- Abstract:
- Since the early 1990s, the UN system, the World Bank Group, and bilateral donors have been involved in a broad array of state-support and peace-building functions in the aftermath of conflicts – many of them protracted – that have either severely weakened or largely decimated the institutions of governance. Designated variably as post-conflict reconstruction or peace-building, these activities have included a wide variety of administrative and public management tasks, ranging from political observation and negotiation in El Salvador, to technical assistance and advisory services in Mozambique, to the “light [but extensive] footprint” in Afghanistan and the full-fledged governing authority assumed by UNTAET in East Timor and UNMIK in Kosovo.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Cooperation, Peace Studies, United Nations, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, Kosovo, Mozambique, El Salvador, and Timor
7. Postconflict Elections: War Termination, Democratization, and Demilitarizing Politics
- Author:
- Terrence Lyons
- Publication Date:
- 02-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University
- Abstract:
- Outcomes of transitional periods after peace agreements to halt civil wars are critical to sustaining peace and providing the basis for a long-term process of democratization. Understanding these transitional processes and designing policies to promote successful peace implementation are among the greatest challenges of the post–Cold War era. In a number of recent cases, including Angola (1992), Cambodia (1993), El Salvador (1994), Mozambique (1994), Bosnia-Herzegovina (1996), and Liberia (1997), elections have been designated in the peace accord as the mechanism for ending the transition. Such postconflict elections are designed to advance two distinct but interrelated goals – war termination and democratization.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Democratization, Government, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, Cambodia, Liberia, Mozambique, and Angola
8. Mediation Activities by non-State Actors: an Account of Sant'Egidio's Initiatives
- Author:
- Marta Martinelli
- Publication Date:
- 03-1998
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- In 1993 Bouthros Bouthros-Ghali expressed his admiration for the methods performed by a group of Catholic peace-lovers, called Community of Sant'Egidio, in their attempts at mediating a deep rooted conflict like the one in Mozambique. He said: " The Community of Sant'Egidio has developed techniques which are different but at the same time complementary to those performed by professional peace-makers. The Community has discreetly worked in Mozambique for years, towards a peaceful adjustment to the situation...It has practised its techniques characterised by confidentiality and informality, together and in harmony with the official work of international governments and inter-governmental organisations. Starting from the Mozambican experience the term "Italian formula" is used to explain this mixture, unique in its kind, of commitment to peace, governmental and not. Respect for the parties to the conflict and all those involved in the field is fundamental for these initiatives to be successful"
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Diplomacy, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Italy, and Mozambique