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82. The New Energy Security: 2005 Global Oil and Gas Forum
- Author:
- John A. Riggs
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Aspen Institute
- Abstract:
- Energy security means different things to different countries. Importing countries primarily focus on supply. Since the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the focus of energy security has been on achieving adequate supplies at reasonable prices, without incurring serious disruptions. Recent high prices have intensified this concern and renewed interest in policies to bring prices down.
- Topic:
- Security, Energy Policy, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- Russia, China, Europe, Middle East, India, Asia, and Saudi Arabia
83. Energy: The New Normal?
- Author:
- John A. Riggs
- Publication Date:
- 10-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Aspen Institute
- Abstract:
- The title of the 2006 Energy Policy Forum—Energy: The New Normal? — raises two primary questions: has the world crossed a threshold into a qualitatively different energy environment in which the era of cheap and plentiful energy is over, and does the interaction of energy issues with other considerations, such as national security, foreign affairs, and global climate change, require fundamentally new ways of thinking about U.S. energy policies?
- Topic:
- Energy Policy, Environment, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- United States and Middle East
84. Fuelling confrontation: Iran, the US and the oil weapon
- Author:
- Anthony Bubalo, Mark P Thirlwell, and Dr. Michael Fullilove
- Publication Date:
- 05-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Lowy Institute for International Policy
- Abstract:
- The Iranian nuclear issue has entered a critical phase. A draft UN Security Council resolution has been circulated that could pave the way for political and economic sanctions. Should these fail to change Iran's position, the likelihood of military action will grow towards the end of 2006 and into 2007. At the same time, high oil prices have bolstered Iran's ability to defy demands that it give up uranium enrichment and provide greater transparency with respect to its nuclear program. Given current supply, demand and price indicators, oil provides Iran with a very potent weapon with which to respond to punitive measures. However, the economic and political fallout produced by the use of the oil in this way makes it likely Tehran would use such a weapon cautiously.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Energy Policy, and Nuclear Weapons
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iran, Middle East, and Australia/Pacific
85. Facing Iran's Challenge: Safeguarding Oil Exports from the Persian Gulf
- Author:
- Simon Henderson
- Publication Date:
- 06-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Abstract:
- In a June 4 speech marking the anniversary of the death of his predecessor, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei issued a warning to the United States in the crisis of over Iran's nuclear program. “If the Americans make a wrong move toward Iran, the shipment of energy will definitely face danger, and the Americans would not be able to protect energy supply in the region,” Khamenei said. This raises questions about the strength of the Iranian military and how the United States could counter it, using military power, alternative export routes, or a combination of both.
- Topic:
- Energy Policy and Nuclear Weapons
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iran, and Middle East
86. Addicted to Oil: The State of the Union and the Middle East
- Author:
- Simon Henderson
- Publication Date:
- 02-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Abstract:
- In his January 31 State of the Union address, President George W. Bush declared that America was “addicted to oil” and urged spending on technologies “to break [that] addiction.” Noting that oil is often imported from unstable parts of the world, he set a goal of replacing more than 75 percent of U.S. oil imports from the Middle East by 2025. Depending on exactly what Bush means by that statement, such a policy could have huge significance for U.S. policy in the region, or it could be less than meets the eye.
- Topic:
- Economics and Energy Policy
- Political Geography:
- United States and Middle East
87. New rules for a new 'Great Game'
- Author:
- Anthony Bubalo and Mark P Thirlwell
- Publication Date:
- 11-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Lowy Institute for International Policy
- Abstract:
- Strongly growing demand for oil, the sharp run up in prices since mid-2003 and tight supply, have seen energy insecurity return to the international policy agenda. Fears have been raised that China's emergence as a voracious consumer of oil and gas and a keen competitor in global energy markets might imperil the largely cordial relationship that has developed between Beijing and Washington over the last decade. There is also a risk that the competition for energy resources could feed into the less than cordial relations between China and Japan. The purpose of this Policy Brief is to examine the risks that the competition for oil resources might pose for international security, focusing in particular on the relationships between the United States, Middle East oil producers and major Northeast Asian energy consumers, and to propose a mechanism for defusing some of the risks that this competition could entail.
- Topic:
- Energy Policy, International Organization, International Political Economy, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- United States, Japan, China, and Middle East
88. OPEC and Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities
- Author:
- Jacqueline Karas and Tatiana Bosteels
- Publication Date:
- 11-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- OPEC countries tend to be highly reliant on revenues from the export of fossil fuels and they have consistently argued, throughout the climate negotiations, that measures taken by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would have a major impact on their economies. They have advocated financial compensation to offset any adverse impacts.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Energy Policy, Environment, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Arabia, and Arab Countries
89. Energy insecurity: China, India and Middle East oil
- Author:
- Anthony Bubalo and Mark P Thirlwell
- Publication Date:
- 12-2004
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Lowy Institute for International Policy
- Abstract:
- The rapid expansion of their economies has seen China and India become voracious consumers of energy. Oil, much of it imported from the Middle East, has become an increasingly important part of their energy needs. Both governments are conscious that this growing reliance on one of the world's most unstable regions leaves their countries vulnerable to supply disruptions and/or price fluctuations. As a result, energy security has become a key foreign policy objective and, particularly in the case of China, is shaping their approach to the Middle East. This issues brief provides an overview of current energy demand trends and raises for discussion some of the potential longer term strategic implications of this growing dependence on Mid-East oil.
- Topic:
- Energy Policy
- Political Geography:
- China, Middle East, India, and Asia
90. Terrorist Threat to Energy and Infrastructure
- Author:
- Tamara Makarenko
- Publication Date:
- 06-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, St. Andrews University, Scotland
- Abstract:
- Recent indications point to an increased risk of systematic attacks against the world's petroleum supply chain, particularly in South Asia and the Middle East. Tamara Makarenko examines the trends in terrorist attacks on the energy sector.
- Topic:
- Energy Policy and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- South Asia and Middle East