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51. Underdevelopment, extractivism, and conflict in the Global South and the role of systemic alternatives

Author:
Barbara Magalhães Teixeira
Publication Date:
08-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South
Institution:
Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South
Abstract:
A condition of underdevelopment has marked the nations of the Global South since the Second World War. The search for development and for economic growth has made countries in the Global South dependent on global markets and international investment, and have made their environment and nature hostage to capitalist exploration. The process of development and of economic growth, coupled with the history of colonization and dependency present violent processes and structures that are source to conflict and instability all over the Global South. This article critically assesses the relationsh ip between underdevelopment and the exploitation of the environment in the Global South and the violent outcomes that it reproduces. It finds that conflict and violence are inherent to the capitalist model of development, instead of anomalies to the system. Building from the field of critical development and decolonial studies, this article proposes ways to overcome dependency to extractivism by looking at the alternatives ofanti-extractivism, degrowth and buen vivirto free both people and the planet.
Topic:
Development, Environment, Global South, Dependency, and Extractivism
Political Geography:
Global South

52. The Impact of the European Union-Mercosur Association Agreement on Gender Inequality: A Global South Perspective

Author:
Carolina Pavese
Publication Date:
08-2021
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South
Institution:
Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South
Abstract:
Globalization and trade liberalization have wide-ranging effects on employment, labor security, the environment, leading to processes with uneven gender consequences. Departing from a feminist approach, this study analyzes the potential impact of the latest EU-Mercosur Agreement on gender inequality. This research conducts a qualitative case-study focusing on the Mercosur, where women face already strong structural economic inequality . It argues that the adoption of a gender mainstreaming approach is essential for promotion of an interregional trade instrument that contributes to women’s economic empowerment. The main findings reveal that the sectors affected by trade liberalization are sensitive to female participation. Yet, the analysis has shown that the draft text negotiated is blind the unequal opportunities that interregional trade liberalization poses to men and women, at least in the case of the Mercosur. As the document is pending ratification, it can be modified. Therefore, the EU and Mercosur still could adopt provisions that account for the uneven gender impact of the agreement, fostering gender equality in the global South.Keywords: Trade liberalization;Gender inequality;EU-Mercosur agreement;ResumoGlobalização e liberalização comercial têm consequências abrangentes para o emprego, segurança do trabalho, meio ambiente, levando a processos com impactos de gênero desiguais. Partindo de uma abordagem feminista, este artigo analisa o potencial impacto do último Acordo UE-Mercosul na desigualdade de gênero. Esta pesquisa realiza um estudo de caso qualitativo com foco no Mercosul, onde as mulheres enfrentam já fortes desigualdade s econômicas estruturais. Este artigo argumenta que a adoção de uma abordagem de integração de gênero é essencial para a promoção de um instrumen to comercial inter-regional que contribua com o empoderamento econômico das mulheres. As principais conclusões revelam que os setores afetados pela liberalização do comércio são sensíveis à participação feminina. Ainda assim, a análise mostrou que o texto negociado é cego no que tange às oportunidades e desafiosque a liberalização do comércio inter-regional representa para homens e mulheres, pelo menos no caso do Mercosul. Como o documento está pendente de ratificação, ele pode ser modificado. Portanto, a UE e o Mercosul ainda poderiam adotar disposições que considerem o impacto desigual de gênero do acordo, fortalecendo a igualdade de gênero no Sul global.Palavras-chave:Liberalização comercial;Desigualdade de gênero;Acordo UE-Mercosul;Received: May 17,2021Accepted: August 20,2021Conflicts of interest: The author did not report potential conflicts of interests
Topic:
European Union, Employment, Inequality, Trade, Liberalization, and Gender
Political Geography:
Europe and Global South

53. The Chinese South-South development cooperation: an assessment of its structural transformation

Author:
Javier Vadell, Giuseppe Lo Brutto, and Alexandre Cesar Cunha Leite
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
Institution:
Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
Abstract:
This paper aims to analyze the Chinese cooperation with developing countries, its purposes, shapes and intentions in order to explore the peculiar characteristics of Chinese SSC. This work seeks to analyze whether the cooperation carried out by China with countries of the Global South fits the principles of South-South cooperation and if and how China is modifying the international aid regime.
Topic:
International Cooperation, Foreign Aid, and Development Aid
Political Geography:
China, Asia, and Global South

54. Development finance with Chinese characteristics: financing the Belt and Road Initiative

Author:
Hongsong Liu, Yue Xu, and Xinzhu Fan
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
Institution:
Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
Abstract:
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is clearly aimed at international development, and designed to jointly build a regional economic cooperation framework that is open, inclusive and balanced. Financial integration is the cornerstone of the BRI, and development finance is the most widely used mode of cooperation in financing. Development finance with Chinese characteristics is concessional and development-oriented, differing from Official Development Finance (ODF) defined by the OECD. Based on its development experiences, China applies development finance with Chinese characteristics to the BRI projects. This benefits countries along the Belt and Road by facilitating their sustainable development.
Topic:
International Cooperation, International Development, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and Development Aid
Political Geography:
China and Global South

55. Critical Allies On Contemporary Enslavement and Statelessness

Author:
Jane Anna Gordon
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Statelessness & Citizenship Review
Institution:
Peter McMullin Centre on Statelessness, Melbourne Law School
Abstract:
When I began reading about and researching contemporary enslavement some twenty years ago, I did so primarily as a political theorist rooted in Africana Studies, a field animated, among other core problems, by grappling with how the African diaspora has resisted institutions of racialised slavery and colonisation. I had always gravitated toward the Marxist camps of Black Studies, which rooted analyses of colonialism in those of racial capitalism, and to those that coalesced around the framework of Global Southern feminisms, which insisted that one could not understand race and class separately from gender. I was therefore very surprised to learn that many of my most valued colleagues were profoundly sceptical of — if they did not outright reject — work on contemporary enslavement or ‘modern slavery’.1Similarly, while none of my colleagues whose work is rooted in Indigenous thought and politics would diminish the significance of what is at stake in documented instances of statelessness, nor the value of the complex and difficult labour of counteracting it, few saw such efforts as immediately relevant to the political issues that they prioritise. If we step back to consider both contemporary enslavement and statelessness through a more capacious lens, we can see why neither should be understood as the siloed purview of human rights or international law — why they are instead directly pertinent to scholars motivated by the many legacies and continued challenges of racialised enslavement and settler colonialism.
Topic:
Diaspora, Capitalism, Slavery, and Stateless Population
Political Geography:
Africa and Global South

56. Assessing Digitalization and Data Governance Issues in Africa

Author:
Adedeji Adeniran and Idris Ademuyiwa
Publication Date:
07-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
Abstract:
The growth of digitalization and digital technology adoption in Africa holds the key to strengthening and diversifying economies across the continent. Although these developments offer potentially life-changing benefits for consumers, businesses and governments, the inherent flaws in the digital market mean these benefits are not guaranteed. As most gains from the digital economy are largely concentrated in the United States and China, the digital divide may widen the gap between the Global North and the Global South.
Topic:
Economics, Governance, Digital Economy, and Digitalization
Political Geography:
Africa and Global South

57. Analysis of the Brazilian Crisis: Preliminary Effects on South-South Cooperation

Author:
Patricia Andrade de Oliveira Silva and Niemeyer Almeida Filho
Publication Date:
01-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy International Relations
Institution:
Postgraduate Program in International Strategic Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Abstract:
The current Brazilian political and economic context is one of intense crisis and it will inevitably impact public policies. In 2000’s, practices of International Cooperation and Development (ICD) gained emphasis through organized experience sharing between developing country governments and international organizations. Brazil deepened its partnerships with others Southern countries, a practice that came to be known as South-South Cooperation (SSC). However, following the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in 2016, the incoming administration introduced government spending limits in the form of a Constitutional Amendment (95/2016) which structurally decreased resources available for SSC and consequently limited possibilities to continue deepening international involvement. This article analyzes the first effects of the new fiscal regime for SSC using a bibliographic review and a case study of the Social Protection.Org platform which is managed by the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG), a centre of research excellence established through a partnership between the United Nations and Brazilian government.
Topic:
Development, Globalization, International Cooperation, and United Nations
Political Geography:
Brazil, South America, and Global South

58. Migration governance in the Global South

Author:
Rachel M. Gisselquist and Finn Tarp
Publication Date:
09-2020
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
Building knowledge about migration governance and policy in the Global South is a priority for research and policy. Migration is a defining feature of our time and one closely linked with processes of economic and political development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 10.7 prioritizes the facilitation of ‘orderly, safe, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies’. What exactly constitutes ‘well-managed’ migration policies remains a point of some discussion.
Topic:
Development, Migration, Governance, and Sustainable Development Goals
Political Geography:
Global South

59. Widening the ‘Global Conversation’: Highlighting the Voices of IPE in the Global South

Author:
Melisa Deciancio and Cintia Quiliconi
Publication Date:
07-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
The field of IPE has traditionally being conceptualized as an Anglo Saxon construct, in this paper we argue that it is critically important to reflect on the way IPE has developed outside the mainstream, in the periphery, focusing on the case studies of Africa – in particular South Africa; Asia – in particular China; and South America, in order to start a conversation that engages with the contributions of peripheral IPE. By bringing to light the way IPE has been approached in these regions of the world we identify problems, ideas, and concerns different from those in the North and which also call attention to the necessity of a conscious reading of these works and to opening a dialogue and comparison among them. The paper explores the contributions made by IPE in Africa, Asia and South America in order to discuss the possibility of widening IPE’s ‘global conversation’ including peripheral approaches.
Topic:
International Relations, Political Economy, Academia, and Dialogue
Political Geography:
Global South

60. Geopolitics and the Constitution in Light of the Democratic Constitutional State

Author:
Guilherme Sandoval Goes
Publication Date:
07-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy International Relations
Institution:
Postgraduate Program in International Strategic Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Abstract:
This article is the result of research carried out in the postdoctoral stage of the Postgraduate Program in Aeronautical Sciences at the University of Aeronautics (PPGCA), whose theme was “Geopolitics, Culture and Law: Epistemological dialogues needed in times of postmodernity” Thus, it collimates to examine the scientific connections that unite geopolitics and law, disciplines that overlap in such a way that they end up guaranteeing fundamental rights for ordinary citizens, aiming to analyze the geopolitical control of law from the influence of neoliberal geopolitics on constitutionalism. of the countries of late modernity, as is the case of Brazil, thus it was possible to demonstrate the influence of real factors of world power in the legislative process of the countries of the Global South of neoliberal globalization, whose leadership is being disputed by the United States and China.
Topic:
International Relations, Globalization, Government, Governance, Law, and Neoliberalism
Political Geography:
China, Asia, Brazil, South America, North America, United States of America, and Global South