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531. The Global and European Security Order during the Crisis: Power, Institutions, Principles

Author:
CEBRI
Publication Date:
11-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI)
Abstract:
The international order is currently undergoing a fundamental change and it is evident that this phase that has been lasting since the end of the East-West conflict is almost coming to an end. This change is associated with side effects which many observers perceive as destabilizing, as well as with a great uncertainty concerning which new order will replace the so far established one and what effects this will have. This situation is easy to understand, as far as the history of international relations can be used to identify numerous epochal watersheds related to regulatory governance that have not been peaceful, but instead whose side effects have rather been inter-state wars. One should think, for instance, of the rise in political power of the German Reich at the beginning of the twentieth century, or the phase immediately after the Second World War, when the East-West conflict emerged as a determining force for a period of almost four decades.
Topic:
International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus

532. The South American Capabilities against Cyber Threats: From the Current Weaknesses towards a Common Response

Author:
CEBRI
Publication Date:
08-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI)
Abstract:
The Regional Security Architectures are challenged by the emergence of this new and enlarging space, whereas relationship, communication and operation are also new. In the cyberspace, the States’ empowerment is a complex matter and even if they succeed in doing so, they must resort to advanced technology. If we try to answer if South America has enough capacities against cyber threats, we necessarily must know what steps were given in each country. Integration is a pending debt in the sub region and it does not differ from a superior reality
Topic:
International Affairs and Cybersecurity
Political Geography:
Global Focus

533. The European Capabilities against Cyber Threats: Strengthening IT Security in Germany

Author:
CEBRI
Publication Date:
08-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI)
Abstract:
the Digital Agenda, in 2014 the German Federal Government proposed, within the framework of an IT Security Law, to strengthen IT security by expanding partnerships with critical infrastructure providers and by creating legal requirements, in addition to introducing an obligation to report significant incidents in the IT area. Germany was a pioneer with the IT Security Law in 2015.3 Through this law, critical infrastructure providers are required to ensure the security of their IT infrastructures according to the latest technology. The sectors concerned (information technology and telecommunications, energy management, food industry, water management, finance, transport and transit, as well as the health sector) have been defined in two regulations of the German Ministry of Interior, considering the quality and the amount of penetration rate achieved by systems, equipment or parts of critical infrastructures. The last regulation came into force at the end of June 2017.
Topic:
International Affairs
Political Geography:
Germany and Global Focus

534. Might and Right in World Politics

Author:
Dr Jans Woischnik
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Brazilian Center for International Relations (CEBRI)
Abstract:
In the last decade of the 20th century, when the Cold War came to an end, there was a growing understanding that International Law was consolidated as legitimation body for state actions. It was the beginning of a new peaceful world order, the world hoped that an old problem of geopolitics could finally be fully addressed by the International Law, a problem which the Athenian General Thucydides observed already more than 2000 years ago, according to which in the realm of the international, “the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must”. In this new world order right was supposed to finally come before might.
Topic:
International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus

535. Delivering inclusive access:

Author:
Jeffrey Gutman, Adie Tomer, Thomas J. Kane, Dev Patel, and Ranjitha Shivaram
Publication Date:
08-2017
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
The Brookings Institution
Abstract:
Across the world, rapid urban growth offers enormous opportunity to those living in cities and suburbs. Urban residents tend to earn higher incomes than their rural peers, and enjoy the benefits of living in closer proximity to vital services and commerce. However, the same influx of people and economic activity also places enormous pressure on the built environment, straining existing transportation systems across the developed and developing world. In turn, residents and businesses increasingly struggle to reach one another, and they often place a premium on locating in neighborhoods with the greatest urban access. In other words, people want to live where it is easy to reach key destinations. This can drive up the price of land and contributes to a toxic mix of income inequality and spatial inequity.
Topic:
International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus

536. Private sector cyber defence

Author:
Wyatt Hoffman and Ariel Levite
Publication Date:
06-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Abstract:
The cyber revolution and ever-growing transfer of human activities into the virtual world are undermining the social contract between modern states and their citizens. Most governments are becoming unable and unwilling to protect citizens and private enterprises against numerous, sophisticated cyber predators seeking to disrupt, manipulate, or destroy their digital equities. Inevitably, states are focused on protecting governmental assets and national infrastructure, leaving themselves with modest residual capacity and resolve to underwrite other cybersecurity risks. Faced with this reality, private entities are reluctantly but increasingly complementing their passive cybersecurity practices with more assertive “active cyber defense” (ACD) measures. This approach carries substantial risks, but if guided by bounding principles and industry models, it also has the potential for long-term, cumulative benefits.
Topic:
International Affairs and Cybersecurity
Political Geography:
Global Focus

537. Official Islam in the Arab World: The Contest for Religious Authority

Author:
Nathan Brown
Publication Date:
05-2017
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Abstract:
All Arab states have large, official Muslim religious establishments that give governments a major role in religious life. These establishments have developed differently, according to each state’s historical experience. Through them, the state has a say over religious education, mosques, and religious broadcasting—turning official religious institutions into potent policy tools. However, the complexity of the religious landscape means they are rarely mere regime mouthpieces and it can be difficult to steer them in a particular direction.
Topic:
Islam and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus

538. Policing Practices in a Global Perspective

Author:
Peter Albrecht
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Danish Institute for International Studies
Abstract:
Policing in the global North and the global South is becoming more alike. An increasingly common characteristic is the blurring of boundaries between rule-based and more personalized policing styles. Reasons for this approximation include a growing focus on fighting or preventing radicalisation globally, and a general debureaucratisation of policing that has occurred in the global North.
Topic:
Defense Policy and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus

539. The Weaponisation of Information

Author:
Flemming Splidsboel Hansen
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Danish Institute for International Studies
Abstract:
“The weaponization of information” alerts us to the thinking about the very conscious use of information to achieve various goals. Moreover, it reminds us of the new opportunities offered by modern information technology.
Topic:
International Affairs and Information Age
Political Geography:
Global Focus

540. The Great Powers Have Their Ways

Author:
Sven Biscop
Publication Date:
12-2017
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
EGMONT - The Royal Institute for International Relations
Abstract:
How will the great powers behave? That is what determines the future world order – or the absence of order. Could it be that China and the EU have found an alternative for the old-fashioned grand strategies that Russia and the US are again pursuing
Topic:
International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:
Global Focus