Number of results to display per page
Search Results
392. Faire face au racisme en France et au Brésil : de la condamnation morale à l'aide aux victimes
- Author:
- Alexandra Poli
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- L'idée de démocratie raciale au Brésil et le modèle républicain en France constituent la toile de fond des mouvements de composition et de décomposition de la question du racisme à l'œuvre dans ces deux pays. Ces formules consacrées ne sont pas sans liens avec la manière par laquelle on se représente le racisme et façonnent des impératifs quant à la manière de le combattre. La réflexion croisée sur l'évolution des formes de reconnaissance du racisme au Brésil et en France, que propose cet article, permet notamment de revisiter des conceptions juridiques, politiques, sociales et le vécu personnel qui lui sont attachés à différentes périodes. Des deux côtés de l'Atlantique, les modes de compréhension du racisme ont longtemps fait peser une sorte de déterminisme sur les victimes en les maintenant quelque part à distance du problème.
- Topic:
- Civil Society
- Political Geography:
- France and Brazil
393. Jacobinisme vs. industrie culturelle médiatisation de la violence en France et au Brésil
- Author:
- Angelina Peralva and Eric Mace
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Cet article examine les conditions dans lesquelles, au cours des vingt dernières années, les journalistes français et brésiliens ont transformé « la violence » en une importante thématique des "prestige papers", dont elle était pratiquement exclue auparavant. Ce changement est mis en relation avec la nouvelle importance acquise par une information de masse standardisée et destinée à un public très large ; mais semble être l'effet, également, d'une déprise des rapports et des acteurs sociaux sur la vie politique.
- Political Geography:
- France and Brazil
394. Démocratie et Etat de non-droit au Brésil : analyse et témoignage
- Author:
- Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- Même dans des moments fondateurs de la démocratisation au Brésil, comme pendant les deux décennies suivant 1985, les vestiges de l'autoritarisme persistent. Je discute ici les questions relatives aux garanties constitutionnelles, en particulier les droits civils, et le fonctionnement du pouvoir judiciaire et de la police, en essayant d'attirer l'attention sur la violence endémique et les violations systématiques des droits humains sous les gouvernements constitutionnels démocratiques, en particulier des années 1990 à nos jours. J'y examine les efforts déployés au Brésil par le gouvernement et la société civile en vue d'un élargissement de la jouissance des droits de la personne à toute la population. Enfin, cet essai comporte également un témoignage sur mon bref passage au gouvernement fédéral du Brésil.
- Topic:
- Civil Society and Democratization
- Political Geography:
- Europe, France, and Brazil
395. L'espace des homicides et l'espace socioéconomique : l'agglomération de Vitoria-Brésil
- Author:
- Claudio Zanotelli
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Institution:
- Cultures & Conflits
- Abstract:
- This article aims at understanding how homicides are distributed within the social space and the urban territory. The main questioning is to know whether homicides are linked to urban fragmentation and to the socioeconomic differentiations between the districts composing the town of Vitoria in the Brazilian State of Espirito Santo. We analyse homicides as revealing the marginalised populations'regulation. The article also deals with the question of homicide related data gathering and police behaviour.
- Topic:
- Civil Society and Crime
- Political Geography:
- Europe, France, Brazil, and South America
396. Rethinking European Law's Supremacy
- Author:
- Christian Joerges, Rainer Nickel, Damian Chalmers, Florian Rödl, and Robert Wai
- Publication Date:
- 07-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- European Research Papers Archive
- Abstract:
- The clear rejection of the European Constitutional Treaty by the French and Dutch electorates seems to reflect, at least in part, the uneasiness of many European citizens with a Europe which they perceive to govern "from above" with insufficient legitimacy, and without an adequate balance of free market vs. social concerns.
- Topic:
- Government and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Europe and France
397. The Role of Public Discourse in European Social Democratic Reform Projects
- Author:
- Vivian A. Schmidt
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- European Research Papers Archive
- Abstract:
- Public discourse, understood both as ideas about public action and interactive processes that serve to 'coordinate' the construction of those ideas and to 'communicate' them to the public, has been central to the success (or failure) of the reform projects of social democratic parties. Certain background factors, including countries' policy legacies, problems, preferences, and capacity set the stage for reform while good ideas which are cognitively sound and normatively appropriate as well as relevant, coherent, and consistent contribute to reform success. But institutional context also matters with regard to how ideas are conveyed to whom, with 'simple' polities emphasizing the 'communicative' discourse to the general public and more 'compound' polities the 'coordinative' discourse among policy actors. This is demonstrated with examples from Germany, France, Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Europe, France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, and Netherlands
398. Economic Survey of France, 2005
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Abstract:
- France has high productivity per hour worked and a sophisticated social welfare system, but it also suffers from low labour force participation and high structural un employment. This poor labour market performance contributes to a persistent budget deficit which is exacerbating, rather than alleviating, the fiscal pressures arising from ageing. Rising public debt threatens fiscal sustainability. It is partly a result of insufficient public expenditure control an d insufficient public understanding of the need to meet long-run challenges as well as short-term targets. Aspects of the labour code designed to protect employees, and some aspects of the system of social transfers have had some unintended but perverse consequences leading to structurally high levels of unemployment and low participation rates. Dynamism and growth of activity and employment are held back by a lack of competition in a large number of service sectors.
- Topic:
- Development and Economics
- Political Geography:
- Europe and France
399. Do Parents Help More Their Less Well-off Children?: Evidence from a Sample of Migrants to France
- Author:
- Seymour Spilerman, François-Charles Wolff, and Claudine Antias-Donfut
- Publication Date:
- 03-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy at Columbia University
- Abstract:
- Through an investigation of parental motives, this paper examines how parents decide on the allocation of their resources within the family when there are several offspring. From a theoretical viewpoint, inter vivos transfers may be explained either by altruism or by an exchange motive. Though unequal sharing is expected under both hypotheses, under altruism parents should direct their assistance to less well off children. Analogously, under an exchange motive we expect support to be channeled to children who live nearby their parents. We assess the relevance of the two transfer motives using the PRI survey, conducted in 2003, on a sample of immigrants living in France. Unequal sharing is frequently observed, and children are more likely to receive financial transfers when they are in poor circumstance, but not necessarily when living in proximity to parents. This is the case even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity with fixed effects models. We also emphasize the role of cultural factors, especially religion, as determinants of the parental allocation among children.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Education, and Migration
- Political Geography:
- France
400. Leaders and Laggards: When and Why do Countries Sign the NPT?
- Author:
- Christopher Way and Karthika Sasikumar
- Publication Date:
- 02-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centre for International Peace and Security Studies
- Abstract:
- The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) was concluded at the end of the 1960s, a decade which saw the drama of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the height of the nuclear arms race between the superpowers, and the entry of France and China into the club of countries that had tested nuclear weapons. The basic bargain underlying the NPT allows countries to surrender their right to develop nuclear weapons in return for access to international assistance in civilian nuclear technology. Five countries (the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China) that had tested nuclear devices before 1 January 1967, were conferred the status of Nuclear Weapon State (NWS) by Article IX. All other signatories (Non Nuclear Weapon States or NNWSs) pledged to abjure the development and diffusion of nuclear weapons technology.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Globalization, Nuclear Weapons, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, and Cuba