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2. Investment in Stadia and Regional Economic Development – Evidence from FIFA World Cup 2006
- Author:
- Arne Feddersen, André L. Grötzinger, and Wolfgang Maennig
- Publication Date:
- 10-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
- Abstract:
- Using the case of the new stadiums for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany, this paper is the first multivariate work that examines the potential income and employment effects of new stadiums outside of the USA. This study is also the first work on this topic that conducts tests on the basis of a (serial correlation consistent) Difference-in-Difference model with level and trends. As a robustness check, we use the “ignoring time series information” model in a form that is modified for nonsynchronous interventions. We were not able to identify income or employment effects of the construction of new stadiums for the FIFA World Cup 2006, which are significantly different from zero.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, Infrastructure, Sports, Regional Economy, and Stadiums
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
3. The Role of Architecture on Urban Revitalisation: The Case of Olympic Arenas in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
- Author:
- Gabriel Ahlfeldt and Wolfgang Maennig
- Publication Date:
- 05-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
- Abstract:
- This paper investigates socioeconomic impacts of three multifunctional sports arenas situated in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, Germany. The three arenas were chosen for their potential to contribute to revitalisation of their economically deprived neighbourhoods. We employ a difference-in-differences approach to check for structural breaks in development of land values within areas of potential impact. Our results suggest that arenas emanate positive externalities and apparently have accelerated the process of gentrification going on in Prenzlauer Berg. However, evidence also supports concerns that congestion problems may adversely affect property values, at least when not addressed appropriately during planning.
- Topic:
- Economics, Architecture, Gentrification, and Stadiums
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Germany, and Berlin
4. Labour Market Effects of the 2006 Soccer World Cup in Germany
- Author:
- Florian Hagn and Wolfgang Maennig
- Publication Date:
- 06-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
- Abstract:
- This study analyses for the first time on the basis of a multivariate analysis ex post the effects on the jobs market of a soccer World Cup, in this case the 2006 World Cup held in Germany. In addition to three methods already used for other analyses in studies of sporting events, an extended “Difference-in-Difference” estimate is used in order to compare the development of the numbers of unemployed in the 12 World Cup venues with the development of the numbers of unemployed in 62 other German cities. The results demonstrate that in none of the respective match venues did the effect of the sporting event on unemployment differ significantly from zero.
- Topic:
- Sports, World Cup, Labor Market, Regional Economy, and Stadiums
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
5. Short-term to long-term employment effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany
- Author:
- Florian Hagn and Wolfgang Maennig
- Publication Date:
- 06-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
- Abstract:
- This study demonstrates that the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany was not able to generate any short to long-term employment effects that were significantly different from zero. It is the first work to examine long-term employment effects of Football World Cup tournaments. It is also one of the first work to undertake a multivariate analysis of the employment effects of a major sporting event outside of the USA. In addition, this study does not arbitrarily determine the time period for the potential positive effects of a major sporting event but instead examines several alternative periods. Furthermore, the study tests for method sensitivity by analysing the data set in parallel with the approaches used in the studies of sporting events in the USA as well as in a fourth modifying estimation approach. In contrast to the conclusions reached in comparable studies, the results are not regarded as a clear refutation of the positive effects of major sporting events.
- Topic:
- Economics, Employment, Sports, World Cup, and Stadiums
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
6. One year later: A re-appraisal of the economics of the 2006 soccer World Cup
- Author:
- Wolfgang Maennig
- Publication Date:
- 06-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg
- Abstract:
- No two ways about it: the soccer World Cup competition in June 2006 in Germany was a great experience, not only for the soccer fans, and it still resonates far and wide. The various commentaries have all concluded that the economic effects were positive. Emphasis has often been placed on increased turnover in the retail trade, overnight accommodation, receipts from tourism and effects on employment. The present study shows that this reasoning is mostly of little value and may even be incorrect. Of more significance, however, are other (measurable) effects such as the novelty effect of the stadiums, the improved image for Germany and the feelgood effect for the population.
- Topic:
- Economics, Sports, World Cup, Regional Economy, and Stadiums
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany