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232. Fifteen Proposal for Italy's European Policy
- Author:
- Ettore Greco, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, and Stefano Silvestri
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Istituto Affari Internazionali
- Abstract:
- Despite the important achievements of the past years (the Euro, enlargement, the drafting of the Constitutional Treaty, interventions in the Balkans and the growing diplomatic role in the Middle East), Europe is at a standstill and experiencing scepticism which, combined with prolonged economic stagnation, could deteriorate into a serious crisis. In this difficult situation, Italy could suffer particularly negative consequences. At the same time, however, it could – as in the past – play a prominent role in providing the Union with new dynamism.
- Topic:
- Development, International Cooperation, and International Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Italy
233. EU and NATO: Co-operation or Competition?
- Author:
- Dr Paul Cornish
- Publication Date:
- 10-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- There is a compelling case for closer collaboration in matters of security and defence between the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The merits and necessity of such collaboration have become an enduring theme in speeches and statements concerning transatlantic security. This paper tests the rhetoric of security co- operation against the reality of NATO-EU relations, in five area.
- Topic:
- NATO and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
234. European Constitutional Identity?
- Author:
- Wojciech Sadurski
- Publication Date:
- 12-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- European Research Papers Archive
- Abstract:
- The language of common European constitutional identity is distinguishable from that of common European constitutional traditions in that the former does not focus so centrally on the past, and is independent of the legal doctrinal language of the EU law. When discussing constitutional identity, there are, in particular, the following four questions which deserve to be addressed: (1) What are we doing when we are “constructing” the European constitutional identity; what are the features of the interpretation leading to such a construction? (2) What values/ideals/principles are a part of our constitutional identity? (3) How does European constitutional identity relate to the specific constitutional identities of European nation-states? (4) What is the relationship between the discourse about political integration within the EU and the existence of European CI, as separate from, and paramount to, identities of member states? On that last issue it is submitted that there is no simple connection between ascertaining the dominant identity at a particular level and the implications for the division of authority between the European and national levels within the EU.
- Topic:
- Government, International Cooperation, and Nationalism
- Political Geography:
- Europe
235. Central Asia Between Competition and Cooperation
- Author:
- Yu Bin
- Publication Date:
- 12-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Foreign Policy In Focus
- Abstract:
- Great power competition in Central Asia ebbs and flows in a timeless and tireless fashion. Unlike in Europe and East Asia during the Cold War and after, the fault line for the current jockeying for position in Central Asia between Washington and Beijing is not easily discernible. Instead, fluidity, uncertainty, and even outright reversal of fortunes among the major players have been the norm.
- Topic:
- Cold War, Diplomacy, Economics, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Washington, Central Asia, and East Asia
236. A Roadmap for Ukraine's Integration into Transatlantic Structures
- Author:
- Oksana Kozlovska
- Publication Date:
- 06-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- NATO Defense College
- Abstract:
- Ukraine's return to Europe, or in other words the process of its becoming a member of key international organizations – namely the EU and NATO – appeared to be complicated, lasting and far from any romantic notions. Besides the need for consensus from society as a whole and from the Ukrainian leadership, appropriate governmental and parliamentary decisions were also required; these factors demonstrating the necessity of serious, internal changes in all spheres of state activity. In practical terms, the basis for these requirements remains to be established: a mutual understanding of key questions of state life, national and international security, internal and foreign policy priorities.
- Topic:
- International Relations, NATO, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Ukraine
237. The European Union, the United States and 'Liberal Imperialism'
- Author:
- Michael Brenner
- Publication Date:
- 01-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Transatlantic Relations
- Abstract:
- The Iraq crisis has been a stress test for the transatlantic partners.1 It is the latest in a series that at once has been revealing and redefining their relationship since the Cold War's end. The first Gulf War, Bosnia, and Kosovo: each measured the ability of Americans and Europeans to continue working effectively together. Each highlighted distinctive habits of national mind and action obscured by the exigencies of the Cold War. Each raised pointed questions about the pattern of interaction between the United States and its major allies. Each provided insights into the capabilities, limitations, and internal strains of multilateral organizations: NATO, the European Union, and the United Nations. Each altered attitudes and images in ways that affected how the next crisis was handled.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iraq, Europe, Bosnia, Middle East, Kosovo, and United Nations
238. Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership
- Publication Date:
- 05-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- On 18 May 2006, the self-declared Republic of Somaliland marked fifteen years since it proclaimed independence from Somalia. Although its sovereignty is still unrecognised by any country, the fact that it is a functioning constitutional democracy distinguishes it from the majority of entities with secessionist claims, and a small but growing number of governments in Africa and the West have shown sympathy for its cause. The territory's peace and stability stands in stark contrast to much of southern Somalia, especially the anarchic capital, Mogadishu, where clashes between rival militias have recently claimed scores of lives. But Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG), which is still struggling to overcome internal divisions and establish its authority in southern Somalia, also claims sovereignty over the territory, and the issue is becoming an increasing source of tension. The African Union (AU) needs to engage in preventive diplomacy now, laying the groundwork for resolution of the dispute before it becomes a confrontation from which either side views violence as the only exit.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Europe, Balkans, and Somalia
239. The West at War: Transatlantic Cooperation in the Fight against Terrorism (Part II)
- Author:
- Michael Jacobson
- Publication Date:
- 09-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Abstract:
- The West at War focuses on both U.S. and European counterterrorism efforts from the September 11 attacks until June 2005, specifically the role of law enforcement and prosecutors in the United States and Europe. The 9-11 Commission's examination of the counterterrorism policies of Britain and especially Germany made clear that Europe did not posses the adequate tools to counter the terrorist threat prior to the September 11 attacks. Al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell produced the leaders of the September 11 hijacking teams. Prior to the September 11 attacks, German authorities were constrained by domestic factors that inhibited their ability to investigate terrorist organizations. While Europe's approach to terrorism suffered from many problems, there are also were some potential lessons for the United States. In particular, the experience of Britain's domestic intelligence agency MI-5 may have possible implications for strengthening the counterterrorism capabilities of U.S. authorities.
- Topic:
- Development, International Cooperation, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, and Germany
240. The West at War: Transatlantic Cooperation in the Fight against Terrorism (Part I)
- Author:
- Jeremy Shapiro and Telmo Baltazar
- Publication Date:
- 09-2006
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Abstract:
- In the past ten years, the European Union's (EU) counterterrorism capabilities have changed dramatically. Two of the most evident changes have been the emergence of an increasingly unified European approach to terrorism and the virtual elimination of internal border controls on the Continent. As the EU begins to act decisively in the fight against terror, trans-Atlantic cooperation has become vital for mutual security.
- Topic:
- Development, International Cooperation, and Terrorism
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe