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11. Egypt’s Obstructed Horizon: Regime in Crisis and Fragmented Opposition

Author:
Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Publication Date:
09-2014
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Abstract:
Both parties to the Egyptian conflict have depended on the conflict to sustain their existence. As a result, the prospects for reconciliation between the regime and the main opposition force, the Muslim Brotherhood, are very slim. In the short-term, reconciliation appears to be entirely improbable. However, this does not mean that either camp is in a comfortable position. Despite the steadfastness of its street protests for over a year, the popular opposition movement appears to be no closer to displacing the regime than it was in the summer of 2013. For the regime, while there is undoubtedly a strong state apparatus behind Sisi, this has not enabled it to maintain stability nor to solve Egypt’s economic dilemmas and resolve the dramatic deterioration in the state’s ability to care for its people. Finally, controversy between various groups on the ground and tensions among opposition leaders suggest that the mood on the ground is inclined to move away from further escalation of the protests.
Topic:
Security, Government, Politics, Revolution, and Political Crisis
Political Geography:
Middle East, North Africa, and Egypt

12. Viral Voices: Revolutionary Song, Social Media, and Youth Culture in the Arab Spring

Author:
Victor A. Vicente
Publication Date:
12-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Bilgi
Institution:
Sakarya University (SAU)
Abstract:
Focusing on three popular “anthems” of the Arab Revolutions (“Rais Lebled” by El Général, “#Jan25 Egypt” by Omar Offendum, and “Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar” by “Ibrahim Qashoush”) this article critically assesses the ways in which song has come to serve as a force for instigating socio-political and cultural change in the contemporary Arab World, particularly in Tunisia, Egypt, and Syria. The appeal and efficacy of these songs of the “Arab Spring,” as well as their characterization as “revolutionary,” are understood in aesthetic and technological terms. Hence, the article untangles a complex of interconnected, musically-related themes and issues at the core of the discourse on the recent uprisings; namely, those of self-expression and the power of the Arab youth “voice,” those of transitional dissemination via social media and information and communication technology, and those of documentation and representation through music, specifically through the genre of rap. Analysis of the songs and the themes surrounding them demonstrates substantive advancements in contemporary Arab musical, social, and political life, but also exposes serious shortcomings, naïve misconceptions, and willful exaggerations.
Topic:
Culture, Social Media, Arab Spring, Revolution, and Music
Political Geography:
Africa, Middle East, Syria, Tunisia, and Egypt

13. From Spring to Summer? Revolutionary Change in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya

Author:
Imad El-Anis and Ashraf Hamed
Publication Date:
12-2013
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Bilgi
Institution:
Sakarya University (SAU)
Abstract:
This article offers an analysis of the early stages of the revolutions that have been taking place in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Here we consider the early stages of the revolutions from winter 2010-11 up until the summer of 2012 and offers a comparative study of the experiences of the early stage of the revolutions in each case study. In particular this study considers the roles of six variables on the process of regime change and transition as follows: 1) duration of the uprising up to regime change; 2) the initial outcome of the revolution/uprising; 3) the number of deaths and casualties; 4) the postregime change status of key members of the former governing elite; 5) the existence and nature of post-regime change elections; and 6) levels of international involvement. This study finds that in all three case studies, considering these variables offers insight into the nature and effect of the early stages of the revolutions. Furthermore, in each case there are key similarities in some of these variables but significant differences in others which suggest that the processes of transition are not directly comparable with each other. This article also offers some thoughts on how the early stages of these revolutions could affect the direction and pace of change in each state.
Topic:
Regime Change, Democracy, Arab Spring, and Revolution
Political Geography:
Africa, Middle East, Libya, Egypt, and Tunisia

14. Mısır Dış Politikası Nasıl Analiz Edilmeli? Yöntem, Soru(n)lar ve Açmazlar | How should be analysed Egyptian Foreign Policy? Method, Questions and Dilemmas

Author:
Mehmet Ozkan
Publication Date:
12-2013
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Sakarya University (SAU)
Abstract:
Bugünkü Mısır’ın en temel sorunu iç politikada yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler ve istikrarsızlıklar olarak değerlendirilse de Arap dünyasında ve Mısır’da yaşanan devrim, dış politika bağlamında yeni ufuklar ve sorunlar ortaya çıkardığı gibi bölge ve ötesi için de yeni imkanlar sunmuştur. Mısır dış politikasının geçmişten bu yana karşılaştığı en temel sorun, kültürel havza niteliğindeki bir ülke olarak, bu zenginliğin dış politikasına tutarlı bir şeklide yansıtıp yansıtamadığıdır. Mısır eğer üçlü kimlik yapısını oluşturan “Arap”, “Afrikalı” ve “Akdeniz dolayısıyla Batılı” karakterini tutarlı ve koordineli bir şekilde dış politikasına yansıtamaz ve bu üzerinden bir politika belirleyemezse, Mısır dış politikası kısa dönemli başarılı olsa bile uzun vadeli sonuçları itibariyla başarısız olmaya mahkum gözükmektedir. Sadece modern dönem olan Nasır, Sedat ve Mubarek dönemleri incelenince bile bunu görmek mümkündür. Arap Baharı’yla beraber başlayan süreç bu anlamda tarihi bir fırsatı barındırmaktadır. Hem sosyal dinamiklerin – ve dolayısıyla kimliklerin – yeniden yapılandırıldığı bu dönemde bu hem bir fırsat hem de Ortadoğu’da yaşanan sistemle ilgili dönüşümde Mısır’ın sağlıklı katkısına ihtiyaç bir zorunluluktur. Bu tür bir yeniden yapılanma aynı zamanda Mısır’ın entellektüel ve siyasal liderliğinin önünü açacaktır. Bu analiz Mısır dış politikasını geçmişten günümüze bu çerçevede bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktadır. | There is an overall consensus regarding Egyptian foreign policy, that internal dynamics and destabilized environment pose a threat for foreign policy making, however revolutions in Egypt and the region created a great potential as well as their challenges and difficulties. Throughout its history the main concern of Egyptian foreign policy has been the lack of influence related to its cultural heritage and identity. Unless there is a coherent balance between Egypt’s triple identity, namely “Arab”, “African” and “Mediterranean/Western”, created; Egypt will lose its strategic position and impact in the region in the long run if not in short term. One can easily observe the situation from three moments in modern history of Egypt: Nasr, Sadat and Mubarak`s periods. The process that has been sparked with Arab Spring is a great opportunity in this sense. Within this process social dynamics identity as well are transforming in the sense that there is both an opportunity as well as a responsibility upon Egypt’s shoulders to contribute for regional readjustment. The initiative will open room for intellectual and discursive domination of the region by Egypt. This article focuses an evaluation of Egyptian foreign policy from this perspective.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Revolution, and Mohammed Morsi
Political Geography:
Middle East and Egypt

15. On The New Vision for the Egyptian Foreign Policy After the Revolution

Author:
Amr Darrag
Publication Date:
03-2013
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
Dr. Amr Darrag is the member of the Executive Board and the Chairperson of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) in Egypt. In his article “On The New Vision for the Egyptian Foreign Policy After the Revolution” he shares his party’s visions for a prosperous and stabilized Egypt. As a member of the Party, Dr.Darrag provides a roadmap with main foreign policy objectives to achieve an imperative role in the international arena. The article also sheds light on the Egypt-Turkey partnership for their development in the economic and political platforms. Dr.Amr Darrag, Mısır’daki Özgürlük ve Adalet Partisi’nin yürütme kurulu üyesi ve partinin Dış İlişkiler Komitesi başkanıdır. “On the New Vision for the Egyptian Foreign Policy After the Revolution” başlıklı makalesinde kalkınmış ve istikrarlı bir Mısır için partisinin ortaya koyduğu vizyonu paylaşmaktadır. Aynı zamanda partinin bir üyesi olarak, uluslararası alanda önemli ve kalıcı bir aktör olmak yolunda izlenecek temel dış politika hedefleri için bir yol haritası sunmaktadır. Makale ekonomik ve siyasi platformlarda Mısır-Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi için de öneriler içermektedir. Makale yalnızca İngilizce olarak yayınlanmıştır.
Topic:
Foreign Policy, Bilateral Relations, Arab Spring, and Revolution
Political Geography:
Turkey, Middle East, and Egypt

16. What the Women Say: Egypt’s Fitful Revolution: Women in the Balance

Author:
International Civil Society Action Network (ICAN)
Publication Date:
10-2012
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
International Civil Society Action Network (ICAN)
Abstract:
With Mohammad Morsi’s inauguration as President of Egypt in June 2012, many Egyptians hoped that the country’s fitful political transition would finally be on a smoother path towards institutional reform and democratization. But much remains in flux. From the outset of the revolution, Egyptian women from all sectors of society were central to the events. They were in the streets alongside men from the early days of the protests. They initiated their own protests. They have borne a large share of the violence dispensed primarily by state security forces, and are frequently the target of hostility and regressive measures introduced by some Islamists. Reflecting on the experiences of women in the uprising and transitional months, this brief provides a snapshot of developments in the past eighteen months including their security concerns, the constitutional process and evolving political landscape and its implication for women. It highlights key recommendations to international and domestic actors with regard to women’s rights, peace, and security.
Topic:
Security, Democratization, Reform, Women, Arab Spring, Institutions, Revolution, and Peace
Political Geography:
Middle East, North Africa, and Egypt