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2. Home, Again: Refugee Return and Post-Conflict Violence in Burundi
- Author:
- Stephanie Schwartz
- Publication Date:
- 10-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- International Security
- Institution:
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University
- Abstract:
- Conflict between returning refugees and nonmigrant populations is a pervasive yet frequently overlooked security issue in post-conflict societies. Although scholars have demonstrated how out-migration can regionalize, prolong, and intensify civil war, the security consequences of return migration are undertheorized. An analysis of refugee return to Burundi after the country's 1993–2005 civil war corroborates a new theory of return migration and conflict: return migration creates new identity divisions based on whether and where individuals were displaced during wartime. These cleavages become new sources of conflict in the countries of origin when local institutions, such as land codes, citizenship regimes, or language laws, yield differential outcomes for individuals based on where they lived during the war. Ethnographic evidence gathered in Burundi and Tanzania from 2014 to 2016 shows how the return of refugees created violent rivalries between returnees and nonmigrants. Consequently, when Burundi faced a national-level political crisis in 2015, prior experiences of return shaped both the character and timing of out-migration from Burundi. Illuminating the role of reverse population movements in shaping future conflict extends theories of political violence and demonstrates why breaking the cycle of return and repeat displacement is essential to the prevention of conflict.
- Topic:
- Civil War, Migration, National Security, and Global Security
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Tanzania, Burundi, and East Africa
3. Humanitarian Costs of South Sudan Conflict Continue to Escalate
- Author:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- Now in its fifth year, South Sudan’s current conflict has displaced 4.5 million people—the same number of southern Sudanese displaced during the entire three-decade Sudan civil war.
- Topic:
- Civil War, Humanitarian Aid, United Nations, Refugees, and Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sudan, East Africa, South Sudan, and Central Africa
4. Humanitarian Need and Displacement in South Sudan
- Author:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- A spike in political violence since mid-2016 has caused the worst humanitarian crisis in South Sudan since its decades-long civil war with Sudan.
- Topic:
- Political Violence, Civil War, Humanitarian Aid, and Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sudan, East Africa, South Sudan, and Central Africa
5. Conflict and Food Insecurity in South Sudan
- Author:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- The humanitarian situation in South Sudan continues to deteriorate as the conflict persists unabated. Four years of widespread violence have left 6 million people—half the population—acutely food insecure.
- Topic:
- Civil War, Humanitarian Aid, United Nations, Food Security, and Conflict
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sudan, East Africa, and South Sudan