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2. Household Economic Well-Being and Child Health in The Democratic Republic of Congo
- Author:
- Janvier Mwisha-Kasiwa
- Publication Date:
- 11-2019
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)
- Abstract:
- Health is both a direct component of human well-being and a form of human capital that increases an individual’s capabilities and opportunities to generate income and reduces vulnerability. It is argued that these two views are complementary, and both can be used to justify increased investment in health in developing countries. Therefore, investment in child health constitutes a potential mechanism to end the intergenerational transmission of poverty. This paper examines the empirical impact of household economic well-being on child health, and the gender differences in effects using the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014. A series of econometric tools are used; the control function approach appears to be the most appropriate strategy as it simultaneously removes structural parameters from endogeneity, the sample selection and heterogeneity of the unobservable variables. Results suggest a significant positive effect of household economic well-being on child health. However, the magnitude of the effect varies by gender of household head; children from households headed by males appear healthier compared to those from female-headed households. In the context of DR Congo, female-headed households often have a single parent, therefore, the economic well-being effect on child health in the male sub-sample can be considered to include the unobserved contribution of women. These results have implications for public interventions that enable women to participate in paid labour market activities as a means of improving household economic well-being, which in turn could improve child health.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, Gender Issues, Health, Health Care Policy, and Children
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo
3. Does and Should International Law Prohibit the Prosecution of Children for War Crimes?
- Author:
- Noëlle Quénivet
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Abstract:
- This article investigates whether international law prohibits the prosecution of children for war crimes and, if it does not, whether it should do so. In particular, the interplay between restorative and retributive post-conflict justice mechanisms, on the one hand, and juvenile rehabilitative justice mechanisms, on the other, is discussed in detail. The article suggests that in certain, narrow, circumstances children having committed war crimes should be prosecuted.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Human Rights, International Law, Children, War Crimes, and Transitional Justice
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, Europe, and Democratic Republic of Congo
4. "Leave No One to Tell the Tales": The Role of Pain and Recollection in Post-Conflict Reconciliation in Africa
- Author:
- Bukola Adeyemi Oyeniyi
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Social Science Research Council
- Abstract:
- Using testimonies of child soldiers and amputees from Sierra Leone, accounts from survivors of the Rwandan genocide, and recollections of survivors of rape and sexual violence from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this essay explores the intersection between pain, its recollection, and post-conflict recovery in Africa. Between 1991 and 2002, unprecedented violence gripped Sierra Leone, leading to the death of an estimated 50,000 people. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) set up after the civil war reported that a rebel group, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), orchestrated “indiscriminate amputations, abduction of women and children, recruitment of children as combatants, rape and sexual slavery, cannibalism, gratuitous killings, and wanton destruction of villages and towns” against ethnic groups believed to be loyal to President Joseph Saidu Momoh and the All People’s Congress (APC), the party that had ruled Sierra Leone since 1968
- Topic:
- Children, Gender Based Violence, Conflict, and Sexual Violence
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sierra Leone, and Democratic Republic of Congo