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22. Natural Disasters and Remittances: Exploring the Linkages between Poverty, Gender, and Disaster Vulnerability in Caribbean SIDS
- Author:
- Marlene Attzs
- Publication Date:
- 06-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- This paper explores the linkages between poverty and disaster vulnerability in the context of remittance flows to households in the Caribbean. Jamaica is used as the case study country. The paper discusses the channels through which natural disasters and remittances affect each other but also reviews the distribution of female-headed households in Jamaica as a percentage of households living below the poverty line and seeks to identify whether flows of remittances alleviate the post-disaster living conditions of such households.
- Topic:
- Disaster Relief, Gender Issues, Health, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean and Jamaica
23. U.S.-Latin America Relations: A New Direction for a New Reality
- Publication Date:
- 05-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- This Task Force report takes stock of the current situation in Latin America and the main challenges and opportunities for U.S.-Latin America relations. Latin America has benefited greatly in recent years from democratic opening, stable economic policies, and increasing growth. Many countries are taking advantage of these developments to consolidate democratic institutions, broaden economic opportunities, and better serve their citizens. Yet Latin American nations face daunting challenges as they integrate into global markets and work to strengthen historically weak state institutions. These challenges increasingly matter for the United States, as deepening economic and social ties link U.S. well-being to the region's stability and development.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, Economics, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- United States, South America, Latin America, and Caribbean
24. Haiti After the Storms: Weather and Conflict
- Author:
- Robert M. Perito
- Publication Date:
- 11-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract:
- In September 2008, four hurricanes and tropical storms—Fay, Gustav, Hannah and Ike—slammed into Haiti with devastating force. Nearly 800 people were killed, 300 remain missing and more than 500 were injured. More than 150,000 people were displaced. Cities and towns were inundated with mud. Roads, bridges, crops and factories were destroyed. Damage to infrastructure was so great that helicopters and boats were required to reach parts of the island. Millions were left at risk of starvation. International aid officials warned that shortages could spark the kind of food riots that erupted in April of this year.
- Topic:
- Political Violence, Disaster Relief, Humanitarian Aid, Poverty, and Third World
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean and Island
25. Toward the End of Poverty in Haiti
- Author:
- Robert Maguire
- Publication Date:
- 12-2008
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract:
- In July 2006, Haitian poet and historian Jean-Claude Martineau spoke at USIP and said that Haiti is the only country in the world with a last name—"Haiti, poorest country in the western hemisphere" —as described in the media. Sadly, in the two years since, conditions have worsened. Four severe storms that struck Haiti in September 2008 only exacerbated the already critical problem of the country's poverty.
- Topic:
- Development, Humanitarian Aid, Poverty, and Third World
- Political Geography:
- Caribbean and Haiti
26. Performance-Based Incentives for Health: Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean - Working Paper 120
- Author:
- Amanda Glassman, Jessica Todd, and Marie Gaarder
- Publication Date:
- 04-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Center for Global Development
- Abstract:
- In order to support poor families in the developing world to seek and use health care, a multi-pronged strategy is needed on both the supply and the demand side of health care. A demand-side program called Conditional Cash Transfer s (CCTs) strives to reduce poverty and also increase food consumption, school attendance, and use of preventive health care. Since 1997, seven countries in Latin America have implemented and evaluated CCT programs with health and nutrition components. The core of the program is based on encouraging poor mothers to seek preventive health services and attend health education talks by providing a cash in centive for their healthy behavior (with healthy behavior representing performance). Evaluations of these programs measured outputs in the utilization of services; health knowledge, attitudes, and practice; food consumption; the supply and quality of services; as well as outcomes in vaccination rates; nutritional status; morbidity; mortality; and fertility.
- Topic:
- Education, Health, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- South America, Latin America, Central America, and Caribbean
27. Why Foreign Aid to Haiti Failed: (and How to Do It Better Next Time)
- Author:
- Terry F. Buss and Adam Gardner
- Publication Date:
- 02-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- Haiti—an island [shared with the Dominican Republic] country of 8 million people about the size of Maryland just 600 miles off the coast of Florida—is an extreme case: it has received billions in foreign assistance, yet persists as one of the poorest and worst governed countries. Haiti is strategically important to the United States because of its location; perpetual state of violence and instability affecting the region; support for drug trafficking; potential as a trading partner; strong ties to a large Haitian-American diaspora; counterbalance to Communist Cuba; and relationship with the Latin American and Caribbean community.
- Topic:
- Economics, Poverty, Bilateral Relations, Foreign Aid, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- United States, Cuba, Latin America, Caribbean, and Florida
28. AIDS - Broken Promises Cost Lives
- Author:
- Salih Booker and Phill Wilson
- Publication Date:
- 12-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Policy Information Center
- Abstract:
- In his January State of the Union Address, President George Bush announced an "Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief" that promised $3 billion a year in funding focused primarily on Africa and the Caribbean. Within weeks he broke that promise by seeking no new funding for 2003 and by requesting less than half a billion for the new effort in his 2004 budget. On the domestic front, this administration has proposed flat funding of the AIDS portfolio-which amounts to a decrease in funding- and diverted resources from HIV/AIDS research.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Human Rights, Human Welfare, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United States, and Caribbean
29. Population, Poverty, and Vulnerability: Mitigating the Effects of Natural Disasters
- Author:
- George Matrine and Jose Miguel Guzman
- Publication Date:
- 08-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Wilson Center
- Abstract:
- Hurricane Mitch was one of the most destructive natural disasters of recent times, and it exposed the underlying vulnerability of the Central American region, where poverty magnifies the threat of natural hazards. International assistance for national disasters tends to focus on short-term recuperation rather than on long-range prevention. Policymakers need to pay greater attention to the role of population dynamics within necessary prevention efforts. This article analyzes the relationships between demographic dynamics and Hurricane Mitch in Central America, and extracts from that experience lessons that can help reduce vulnerability to natural disasters in the long run. Specifically, it centers on three aspects: How did demographic processes condition the area's vulnerability prior to Mitch? What are Mitch's consequences for population dynamics in the short- and long-term? How must population dynamics change in order to mitigate the effects of future natural disasters? Systematic use of such information could help blunt natural-disaster impacts in three important ways: planning of spatial organization, reproductive health needs, and design of adequate information systems.
- Topic:
- Security, Environment, Poverty, and Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- Central America and Caribbean
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