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2. Set the Torturers Free: Transitional Justice and Peace vs Justice Dilemma in Burma/Myanmar
- Author:
- Michal Lubina
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Polish Political Science Yearbook
- Institution:
- Polish Political Science Association (PPSA)
- Abstract:
- Burma/Myanmar seems to be a perfect ground for transitional justice with both long-failed transitions to democracy that seemed to succeed in 2015 finally and smouldering civil war taking place there since 1948 (since the 1990s limited to Borderlands). Unfortu- nately, the political realities in Burma/Myanmar make it unlikely, if not impossible, for tran- sitional justice to be applicable in Burma/Myanmar. The victorious in 2015 elections demo- cratic opposition party, National League for Democracy (NLD) came to power thanks to the political deal with the former military government and is consequently being forced to co- habitate politically with the army that still holds critical political checks over the government. It made NLD’s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi to conduct moderate domestic policy without trying to charge the generals for their former crimes. In this circumstances, transitional justice is unwanted by mainstream political actors (NLD, the army) and seen as threatening to peace by many in the Myanmar society. This approach firmly places Burma/Myanmar on one side of the ‘peace vs justice’ dilemma. It answers the “torturer problem”, one of the central problems of transitional justice – how to deal with members of the previous regime which violated human rights – in ‘old fashion’ way, by granting them full amnesty. As such Burma/Myanmar case also falsifies an optimistic claim that transitional justice is necessary for political reforms.
- Topic:
- Torture, Reform, Transitional Justice, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
3. Burma: Suu Kyi’s Missteps
- Author:
- Zoltan Barany
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Democracy
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- Following the victory of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in November 2015 elections, many vested their hopes in the NLD’s leader, Nobel Peace Prize–laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, whom they saw as a force that would propel Burma toward democratic transition. Constitutional constraints have severely limited Suu Kyi’s power to transform Burma’s political life, with the military continuing to be the most politically influential institution. Even given these limitations, however, Suu Kyi has thus far disappointed her supporters at home and especially abroad. Economic reforms have come slowly, democratic standards have slipped, and Suu Kyi and her government have faced international condemnation for their treatment of the Rohingya Muslim minority.
- Topic:
- Reform, Elections, Democracy, and Transition
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
4. Anti-Muslim Violence in Burma/Myanmar and the Responsibility to Protect
- Publication Date:
- 01-2014
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect
- Abstract:
- After more than fifty years of military rule, in 2011 Burma/Myanmar embarked upon a historic transition with the new civilian government, led by President Thein Sein, undertaking a series of political and economic reforms. Burma/Myanmar has been congratulated by the international community for its attempt to end gross human rights abuses and establish a more tolerant and peaceful society.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, International Cooperation, Islam, Regional Cooperation, Governance, Minorities, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
5. Dawei Revisited: Reaffirmation of the importance of the project in the era of reforms in Myanmar
- Author:
- Ikumo Isono and Satoru Kumagai
- Publication Date:
- 05-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- Myanmar has entered a new era of all-round reforms. Donors and foreign investors are mainly interested in Yangon, while there has been a delay in the Dawei deep sea project, the Dawei Special Economic Zone project and the road connection to Thailand. The change in circumstances poses a question about whether the Dawei project is still needed in the era of a reforming Myanmar. Our geographical simulation analysis clearly shows that the Dawei project has significant additional benefit for the whole Mekong region and points out the importance of international cooperation.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, International Cooperation, Reform, and Investment
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
6. Effective Bureaucracy can Facilitate Economic Reforms in Myanmar
- Author:
- Anita Prakash
- Publication Date:
- 06-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- Myanmar has opened up to democratic and economic reforms. Bureaucracy is one of the chosen agents of reforms, both political and economic. Bureaucracy faces the difficult task to reform itself for optimum delivery of reforms. Structural changes are required in transforming the bureaucracy into a development agent. Capacity building of the bureaucracy, without compromising its independence, is required for the effective implementation of reforms. A restructured and informed bureaucracy should be Myanmar's preferred agent of change.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Reform, Economic Development, Bureaucracy, and Independence
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
7. The Economic Transition in Myanmar: Towards Inclusive, People Centered and Sustainable Economic Growth
- Author:
- Anita Prakash
- Publication Date:
- 08-2013
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- Myanmar has embarked on an ambitious program of sweeping reforms to end its isolation and integrate its economy with the global system. In this reform period, Myanmar faces the challenge to remain on the course ofreforms and openness while pursuing its economic growth. The Challenges of this transition can be met with a development model which is inclusive, people centered and sustainable.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, Economics, Reform, Economic Growth, and Sustainability
- Political Geography:
- Asia, Burma, and Myanmar
8. Burma in the Balance: The Role of Foreign Assistance in Supporting Burma’s Democratic Transition
- Author:
- Kelley Currie
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project 2049 Institute
- Abstract:
- The historic constraints on donor interventions in Burma—whether self-imposed sanctions or regime-imposed barriers—are increasingly giving way to a sense of heightened optimism about the possibilities of working on issues across the development spectrum. But while the terrain appears to be improving, there remain substantial barriers to effective programming beyond the overall pace and scope of political reform.
- Topic:
- Development, Sanctions, Reform, Democracy, Transition, and Foreign Assistance
- Political Geography:
- Burma and Southeast Asia