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102. Selling North Korea in New Frontiers: Profit and Revolution in Cyberspace
- Author:
- Jane Kim
- Publication Date:
- 04-2012
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies
- Institution:
- Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI)
- Abstract:
- When the Internet became accessible to the international public in the 1990’s, it forever revolutionized the way people exchange information and communication. Demands for connection to the virtual world spurred global economic growth as new firms emerged to supply wanted products and services. And as commercial transactions became possible online, the Internet transformed into a legitimate economy, enticing highly authoritarian regimes such as China and Cuba.
- Topic:
- Authoritarianism, Internet, Economic Growth, Cyberspace, Telecommunications, and Information
- Political Geography:
- Asia and North Korea
103. China A New Superpower? Dimensions of Power, Energy, and Security
- Author:
- George Friedman, Atilla Sandikli, Subhash Kapila, Zhang Zuqian, Jiang Yang, Cagdas Ungor, Marcin Zaborowski, Ghulam Ali, Kadir Ayhan, Ceren Ergenc, and Atilla Sandikli
- Publication Date:
- 12-2010
- Content Type:
- Book
- Institution:
- BILGESAM (Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies)
- Abstract:
- The People's Republic of China with a visibly booming economy in the last decades created its own economic spheres of influence and came to affect the overall balances in the world. The consequences of its economic advance and ever growing energy consumption are emerging as significant variables capable of shaping international political developments. With the expanding military build-up, China is also generating concerns beyond its immediate neighborhood. Clarifying the rapid growth of China and worldwide implications of this process constitute the first major motivation b ehind p ublishing this study. Benefited of the opportunities of the globalization in the post- Cold War period, China has a progressively more integrated economy with the global markets. China with its increasing economic and military capacities is turning in to a robust power base in the eastern hemisphere. With a thriving position in world politic s and ability to influence events and to protect its own interests at global scale, Beijing has the potential to be a superpower. The other major motivation thus appeared from the necessity to question whether China will achieve to be a superpower in t he near future.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, Energy Policy, Globalization, Power Politics, and Economic Growth
- Political Geography:
- China and Asia
104. Comprehensive Asia Development Plan and Beyond -Growth Strategies for More Prosperous and Equitable East Asia
- Author:
- Takeshi Fujimoto, Shochiro Hara, and Fukunari Kimura
- Publication Date:
- 10-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
- Abstract:
- Let's dream of our bright and prosperous future. In the year of 2020, sixteen East Asia Summit (EAS) member countries can reach doubled per capita income compared with their income level in 2008 with proper policy guidance; eight countries may join developed countries with per capita income exceeding US$10,000, five countries could enjoy the status of newly industrialized countries with per capita income between US$3,000 and US$10,000, and three countries would have per capita income above US$1,000. The Comprehensive Asia Development Plan (CADP) provides immediate policy guidance for industrialization through the development of logistics and other economic infrastructure. Beyond CADP, EAS member countries will face novel policy challenges that developing countries in the world have not broken through yet. This policy brief claims that establishing four virtuous cycles will be the key and we must have the courage to meet a number of policy challenges.
- Topic:
- Development, International Trade and Finance, Regional Cooperation, and Economic Growth
- Political Geography:
- East Asia and Asia
105. Solar Flair: Taiwan’s Photovoltaic Industry Aspires to Lead the Clean Energy Revolution
- Author:
- Julia Famularo
- Publication Date:
- 04-2009
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Project 2049 Institute
- Abstract:
- Taiwan’s photovoltaic (solar) industry is rapidly establishing itself as a major international player. Currently ranked fifth in global production, it has tremendous long-term growth prospects.
- Topic:
- Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Industry, and Solar Power
- Political Geography:
- Taiwan and Asia
106. Infrastructure, Knowledge Creation and Spillovers and Economic Growth in China
- Author:
- Sangaralingam Ramesh
- Publication Date:
- 03-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- School of Oriental and African Studies - University of London
- Abstract:
- The economic prosperity associated with the Coastal regions of China has not ‘trickled’ down to the Western and Central regions sufficiently enough to eliminate the disparities in income between the regions. Indeed, the disparities between China’s Coastal regions and its other regions continue to deepen to the present day. In the Mao period the Central planners held the mistaken belief that investment in the railways and development of heavy industry in the interior parts of China would bring prosperity. In the reform period and beyond, the focus of economic development in China has been to take advantage of China’s low labour costs. In the earlier part of the reform era the focus of economic reforms centred on the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s) .In the second phase of reform policies were centred on the High Technology Development Zones [NHTIDZ’s].A characteristic feature of both SEZ’s and NHTIDZ’s is that they represent a concentration of infrastructure within a predefined spatial area. The framework of analysis in this paper is the New Economic Geography [NEG] .The NEG addresses the formation of agglomeration economies accruing to physical linkages in one location. However, the NEG does not address the issue of how agglomeration economies form due to knowledge creation linkages which are location independent. The main facet of this approach is that it will allow for a qualitative analysis of the spatial aspects of the infrastructural and knowledge creation factors affecting China’s economic growth. Previous approaches which have been used to study infrastructure and economic growth in China have been based on Econometric techniques. These approaches use measures such as length of railway, length of roads and telephone density, while in reality the concentration of infrastructure in the SEZ’s and NHTIDZ’s as significantly contributed to China’s post 1978 economic growth.
- Topic:
- Infrastructure, Income Inequality, and Economic Growth
- Political Geography:
- China and Asia
107. China’s Premature Rise to Great Power
- Author:
- Liselotte Odgaard
- Publication Date:
- 04-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- MIT Center for International Studies
- Abstract:
- China's so-called rise to great power status is usually taken for granted. Still, a convicning argument can be made that Beijing's post-Cold War grand strategy is based on fear of failure rather than management of success. China only qualifies as a great power by the skin of its teeth, if the lower limit of such status is defined as the ability to decide how to do things in either the economic, military or political sectors of the international system.1 China’s position as a political great power is largely determined by the implosion of the Soviet Union. Its ascendancy to this rank has been based on psychology in that a successor challenging U.S. pre-eminence was expected and pronounced before the fact. While Beijing has convinced the surroundings that China is a great power, it is struggling to catch up both economically and militarily with the United States. Contemporary China faces three major challenges: economically and militarily it con- tinues to lag far behind the United States, U.S. grand strategy threatens its rise, and a Chinese alternative to the liberal model of state-society relations has not been developed. Beijing’s foreign policy is therefore based on the premise of how to avoid China’s descent into the ranks of secondary powers.
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, Power Politics, Military Affairs, and Economic Growth
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, Asia, and North America
108. Addressing Labour Market Duality in Korea
- Author:
- David Grubb and Jae-Kap Lee
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Abstract:
- The Korean labor market has created many jobs over the past several decades, accompanying rapid economic growth. More recently, this favorable job performance has gone hand-in-hand with a rapid increase of temporary employment and other flexible or atypical work arrangements (usually called "non-regular" work in Korea.
- Topic:
- Labor Issues, Employment, Economic Growth, and Labor Market
- Political Geography:
- Asia and South Korea
109. Back to the Future: Understanding China’s Return to Africa and its Implications for U.S. Policy
- Author:
- Greg Pollock
- Publication Date:
- 05-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA), Princeton University
- Abstract:
- Since the mid-1970s, China (PRC) has experienced a period of unprecedented economic growth. However, the Chinese Communist Party’s hold on power is now predicated upon maintaining their country’s development trajectory, which requires increasing amounts of natural resources, particularly fossil fuels. To secure access to these raw materials, China has begun to deepen its engagement in parts of the world where Washington has enjoyed a near monopoly on influence since the end of the Cold War. Nowhere is this truer than in Africa, where China has pursued an array of new relationships, some of which directly challenge U.S. interests. This article reviews China’s historical relationship with Africa, accounts for its new investments on the continent, and assesses what the implications of China’s renewed interest in Africa are for U.S. policy.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Natural Resources, Economic Growth, and Strategic Interests
- Political Geography:
- Africa, China, Asia, and United States of America
110. Does China Save and Invest Too Much?
- Author:
- John H. Makin
- Publication Date:
- 07-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Cato Institute
- Abstract:
- China’s current saving and investment levels are extraordinary— both in terms of its own history, but also by comparison with the current and historical experience of high-saving countries like Japan. The International Monetary Fund’s 2005 World Economic Outlook places China’s gross saving at 50 percent of GDP with gross capital formation, not far behind, at 45 percent of GDP (IMF 2005: 96–97). High levels of saving and investment are usually seen as a good thing. For a developing economy, such as China, a high level of domestic saving and investment means that residents are forgoing current consumption in order to add to the capital stock, thereby increasing growth and labor productivity. For a developed economy like the United States, while absolute levels of saving and investment may not match those in developing economies, a high level of saving and investment would mean that residents are financing most of the increase in the capital stock and are thereby positioning themselves to benefit from future returns earned by the enlarged capital stock. The reality for the United States over the past half-decade—a sharp rise in imports of foreign savings—means that returns from growth in the capital stock are increasingly earmarked for payment to foreign investors. Despite the satisfaction with which most commentators view its high levels of saving and investment, particularly since 2002, China has displayed increasing signs of overinvestment. As used here, the term overinvestment refers to a capital stock either too large or too poorly allocated to generate positive returns at the margin. Misallocated capital and excess capacity in the domestic sector implies a rapid increase in nonperforming loans, which are largely held by China’s state banks. Excess capacity in the tradable goods sector implies a tendency to undervalue the exchange rate in order to maintain the growth of demand for exportables.
- Topic:
- Economy, Economic Growth, Investment, Currency, and Savings
- Political Geography:
- China and Asia