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32. The International Criminal Court in Africa: challenges and opportunities
- Author:
- Makau Mutua
- Publication Date:
- 09-2010
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Norwegian Centre for Conflict Resolution
- Abstract:
- Norway's five-year experience as the lead nation of the Provincial Reconstruction Team This policy paper is a practically-oriented comparative analysis of the work of the International Criminal Court in Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, and the Central African Republic, and the policy implications for its work for Norway, States Parties, civil society, and key states. The paper argues that all actors, including Norway, should more seriously engage these African states – and key stakeholders within them – to facilitate the work of the ICC to stem impunity. Without such support, the paper concludes, the ICC's objectives in Africa will not be realised.
- Topic:
- Crime, Genocide, Human Rights, International Law, and Law
- Political Geography:
- Uganda, Kenya, Africa, Sudan, and Norway
33. The Method behind the Mark: A Review of Firearm Marking Technologies
- Publication Date:
- 12-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Small Arms Survey
- Abstract:
- Record-keeping is an essential prerequisite for limiting the illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons. A robust record-keeping system provides the necessary means to trace small arms1 and investigate the illicit trade. The marking of small arms is a necessary component of the recordkeeping; it links a specific small arm to a unique record for that item.
- Topic:
- Arms Control and Proliferation, Crime, Terrorism, Insurgency, and Law Enforcement
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Europe
34. Cocaine and Instability in Africa: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean
- Author:
- Davin O'Regan
- Publication Date:
- 07-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- The dollar value of cocaine trafficked through West Africa has risen rapidly and surpassed all other illicit commodities smuggled in the subregion. Experience from Latin America and the Caribbean demonstrates that cocaine traffic contributes to dra¬matically higher levels of violence and instability. Co-opting key government officials is the preferred modus operandi of Latin American cocaine traf¬fickers. African governments need to act urgently to protect the integrity of their counternarcotics institutions to prevent this threat from developing deeper roots on the continent.
- Topic:
- Crime and Narcotics Trafficking
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean
35. "Nobody Gets Justice Here!" Addressing Sexual and Gender-based Violence and the Rule of Law in Liberia
- Author:
- Niels Nagelhus Schia and Benjamin de Carvalho
- Publication Date:
- 06-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
- Abstract:
- The international response to SGBV in Liberia – in spite of having been touted as one of the great success stories in implementing UNSC resolution 1325 by the UN and the Liberian government – has so far at best been misguided.
- Topic:
- Crime, Gender Issues, and Law
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United Nations, and Liberia
36. Drug Use in Nigeria
- Author:
- Roger Bate, Richard Tren, Thompson Ayodele, Kimberly Hess, and Olusegun Sotola
- Publication Date:
- 08-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
- Abstract:
- For decades, Nigeria has been plagued by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines, yet little information exists on the extent to which healthcare personnel are aw are of counterfeit and substandard medicines, and how this influences their behavior.
- Topic:
- Crime, War on Drugs, and Narcotics Trafficking
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Nigeria
37. Piracy off the Coasts of Somalia
- Author:
- Bjoern Moeller
- Publication Date:
- 01-2009
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The piracy problem off the coasts of Somalia veritably exploded in 2008, due to a mixture of push and pull factors. The general misery in the country pushed Somalis into piracy, and the high earnings from successful pirate attacks pulled businessmen into the pirate business. The international community has sent several patrols to the area, but the decisive factor is what happens on the ground in Somalia.
- Topic:
- Crime, International Law, and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Somalia
38. Pirates off the port side! Old problem - new topicality
- Author:
- Bjørn Møller
- Publication Date:
- 02-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- Piracy is an old problem which is now again attracting attention, mainly because of the surge of pirate attacks off the coasts of Somalia. Closer analysis shows the problem to be of quite modest proportions. The international naval protection of merchant shipping holds out some prospects of containing the problem, but it is most likely to solve itself. If international shipping opts for the route south of Africa, piracy will die out for a lack of targets. Maritime terrorism is, likewise, a problem of very limited proportions. It is often conflated with piracy, but there are significant differences between the two phenomena, the latter being undertaken for selfish reasons, the former for the sake of some higher cause. Whereas it is conceivable that maritime terrorists will gradually transform themselves into pirates, a transformation in the opposite direction is well Nigh inconceivable. Besides the analysis of these two phenomena, the overlap between them and certain naval strategies are also briefly touched upon.
- Topic:
- Security, Crime, International Law, and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Somalia
39. Counting the Costs of Somali Piracy
- Author:
- Raymond Gilpin
- Publication Date:
- 07-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract:
- Roughly the same size of France and six times the size of the U.S. state of Virginia, Somalia has a 3,025 km coastline (longer than the U.S. portion of the Gulf of Mexico, which is some 2,700 km ) on the northeastern corner of Africa. Its recent history has been marred by violence and instability. Since the fall of the Siad Barre regime in 1991, there have been more than a dozen attempts to forge political consensus and establish a functioning central government. 1 Although the Transnational Federal Government was established in 2003, with its capital in the southern city of Mogadishu, it remains fairly ineffective. De facto, Somalia is governed by a system of clans operating in three relatively autonomous regions – Somaliland in the northwest, Puntland in the northeast and Central Somalia in the central and southern regions.
- Topic:
- Crime, International Law, and Maritime Commerce
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United States, France, Mexico, Somalia, Virginia, Puntland, and Mogadishu
40. Understanding the Armed Groups of the Niger Delta
- Author:
- Judith Burdin Asuni
- Publication Date:
- 09-2009
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- When a group of Western oil workers was kidnapped in the Niger Delta in January 2006, the immediate hike in prices at gas stations around the world served as a timely reminder of the importance of this unstable region to international oil supplies. A previously unknown group announced it was holding the workers. It called itself the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) and quickly sparked panic within the oil industry with a second set of kidnappings and a series of attacks on oil facilities. Anxiety reached new heights when, in an email sent to journalists, MEND claimed responsibility for an attack on an offshore facility, Bonga, in mid-2008. The installation, located a full seventy-five miles from the mainland, had previously been considered too ambitious a target for the militants. By the summer of 2008, oil was trading at $147 a barrel and oil production in the Delta was down by a quarter. Who was this mysterious group, whose members—armed with little more than a few AK-47s and speedboats—were able to massively disrupt oil supplies and wreak havoc on world commodity prices? Where did it come from, and what does it want? Is it a coherent group with clearly defined aims and political ambitions? Or is it merely a disparate ragtag of disillusioned youths, with powerful backers, intent on little more than petty criminality?
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Arms Control and Proliferation, Corruption, Crime, and Oil
- Political Geography:
- Africa