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92. Angola - Drivers of Change: An Overview
- Author:
- Alex Vines, Nicholas Shaxson, and Lisa Rimli
- Publication Date:
- 05-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Chatham House
- Abstract:
- Angola has undergone dramatic economic and political changes since independence from Portugal in 1975, and continues to face severe challenges three decades later. An open democratic process has not yet been established, the economy faces deep-rooted structural imbalances, and the country's international relations have undergone many shifts and changes, so that it is currently again in a major transitional era.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Development, Government, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- Africa
93. The Khartoum-SPLM Agreement: Sudan's Uncertain Peace
- Publication Date:
- 07-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- The January 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) formally ended war between the Khartoum government and the insurgent Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), Africa's longest civil conflict. Yet as SPLM Chairman John Garang was sworn in as 1st Vice-President on 9 July, implementation lags badly. The main obstacles are the old regime's lack of will to embrace genuine power sharing and elections, and ultimately allow a southern self-determination referendum after the six-year interim period and lack of capacity in the South to establish and empower basic structures of governance. To keep the accords on track, the international community must focus on broadening participation and transparency, particularly handling of oil revenues, promote SPLM dialogue with the government-allied militias and quickly deploy the UN peace support mission, whose monitoring operations will be key to breaking the links between Khartoum and those southern proxies.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Sudan, and United Nations
94. Presidential Elections in Egypt: The Day After
- Author:
- Khairi Abaza
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Abstract:
- On September 7, Egyptians voted in their country's first multiparty presidential election. Though results are not yet final, preliminary tallies point to a victory for the incumbent president, Hosni Mubarak. Observers reported irregularities, and turnout did not seem to meet the ruling National Democratic Party's (NDP) expectations. More than half a century of authoritarian rule, including twenty-four years under emergency laws, have stifled political activities in Egypt. The NDP's control of all branches of government and the media made it difficult for the election to reflect the true and free will of the people of Egypt.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Egypt
95. Women, Muslim Laws and Human Rights in Nigeria
- Author:
- Ayesha Imam
- Publication Date:
- 02-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Wilson Center
- Abstract:
- An Introduction from Directors Howard Wolpe and Haleh Esfandiari: This past September, the Woodrow Wilson International Center's Africa and Middle East Programs co-sponsored a forum on Women, Islam and Human Rights in Africa.At the forum, a notable keynote address was presented by the distinguished feminist scholar, Ayesha Imam, coordinator of the Nigerian women's rights organization, BAOBOB.We believe that Dr. Imam's remarks, presented in the form of responses to queries posed by Woodrow Wilson Fellow and forum organizer, Mary Osirim, deserve a wider audience. Dr. Imam's address becomes the second in a series of WWICS Africa Program Occasional Papers. A report on the September 17, 2003 forum can be found on the WWICS website, www.wilsoncenter.org.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Human Rights, and Religion
- Political Geography:
- Africa
96. Poverty reduction, civil society, farmer innovation and agricultural service provision, Uganda
- Author:
- Jannik Boesen, Sarah Kasozi, and Richard Miiro
- Publication Date:
- 01-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- This paper looks at the potential for poverty alleviation in one part of Uganda, based on a poverty analysis of the local, and on analyses of the local civil society and of development discourses that are often dominated by the central over the local. In response to calls for micro-studies of actually existing civil society it points to the usefulness of including community wide processes and hegemonic discourses in analyses of the local civil society's development role.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Civil Society, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- Uganda and Africa
97. Gendered district poverty profiles and poverty monitoring Kabarole, Masaka, Pallisa, Rakai and Tororo districts, Uganda
- Author:
- Helle Munk Ravnborg, Michael Kidoido, Zarupa Akello, Jannik Boesen, Sarah Kasozi, Anne Sorensen, Bernard Bashaasha, and Veronica Wabukawo
- Publication Date:
- 01-2004
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The overall objective of the Danida supported Agricultural Sector Programme Support (ASPS) in Uganda is to improve the conditions for the poorest part of the population and contribute to reduce gender-based inequalities in Uganda in general and in the pilot focus districts in particular. Late in 2000, Danida asked Department of Agricultural Economics, Makerere University, Kampala, and Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen, to form an external task group with the purpose of monitoring the gender and poverty impact of the ASPS.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Civil Society, and Poverty
- Political Geography:
- Uganda and Africa
98. Observing the 2002 Kenya Elections
- Publication Date:
- 06-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Carter Center
- Abstract:
- Kenya's independence leader, Jomo Kenyatta, of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), held power from independence in June 1963 to the time of his death in August 1978. He was succeeded by then Vice President Daniel arap Moi, who retained the presidency through Kenya's multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997. However, both elections were marred by controversy owing to political violence, widespread voting irregularities, and fraud.
- Topic:
- Political Violence, Civil Society, Corruption, Democratization, and Human Rights
- Political Geography:
- Kenya and Africa
99. Report Of The South-South Dialogue On Defence Transformation
- Author:
- Anicia Lalá
- Publication Date:
- 05-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform
- Abstract:
- The objective of the conference was to promote the debate about defence transformation in the context of Ghana, inject local content and transparency, and enhance Ghana's ability to gain ownership of the process. The departure point was the Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) of the Ghanaian Ministry of Defence (GMoD), whose primary objective is to strengthen the capacity of civil staff of the MoD in managing the defence sector. In order to highlight the challenges of defence transformation under African conditions, the presentations included the experiences of South Africa, Uganda and Sierra Leone, delivered by respective nationals.This initiative was part of a collaborative effort between the GMoD, the British Defence Advisory Team (DAT) and the African Security and Dialogue Research (ASDR) and followed a two-week defence management course for civilian staff mounted by Cranfield University. Conference participants included civilians and military from the GMoD and the Ghanaian Armed Forces, parliamentarians, academics, representatives from the Ministry of Interior and the Intelligence services as well as members from civil society organizations (CSOs) equally attended the meeting.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, and Civil Society
- Political Geography:
- Africa
100. The Death of Barricade: Politics and Professionalism in the Post Sandinista Press
- Author:
- Adam Jones
- Publication Date:
- 02-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
- Abstract:
- This article examines two decades in the life of Barricada, established as the "official organ" of the revolutionary Sandinista Front (FSLN) in Nicaragua, from its founding in 1979 through to its demise as a daily in 1998. it is argued that as distinct from the overriding "mobilizing imperative" of support for its Sandinista sponsor, and institutionally-generated "professional imperative" was also evident in Barricada's functioning from the early days of the paper's operations. After the FSLN's election defeat in 1990, this professional imperative-along with the political preference of most senior staff for "renovation" within the FSLN-resulted in the paper's establishing a significant degree of day-to-day autonomy fro its sponsor, and important transformations in its journalistic project. This semi-autonomy was foreclosed when the dominant ortodoxo faction of the Front engineered the dismissal of Barricada director Carlos Fernando Chamorro in 1994. Barricada then returned to its more highly-mobilized role as FSLN propagandist, but lost readers and advertising revenue as a result, finally closing in February 1998. The final section of the paper situates the experience of Barricada in the comparative context of mass media and political transitions worldwide.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Politics, and War
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Central America