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32. Scientific Research at the Smithsonian Institution
- Author:
- James E. Colvard, C. William Fischer, Adam Jr. Herbert, Delores Parron, Maxine Singer, and Jerry R. Schubel
- Publication Date:
- 10-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- The Smithsonian Institution is a unique organization, established in 1846 “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” It has grown over the years and is now composed of 16 museums and galleries, the National Zoo, and numerous research facilities in the United States and abroad. The Smithsonian participates in the annual federal budget process to receive funding though the federal appropriations process. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2001, it received 57 percent of its funding through federal appropriation. The remainder came from government grants and contracts, contributions and private grants, business ventures, and investment earnings.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
- Political Geography:
- United States
33. The Field Directorate of the Bureau of the Census
- Author:
- Kenneth S. Apfel, Melissa Allen, Robert M. Alloway, Alan L. Dean, and Richard L. Fogel
- Publication Date:
- 07-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- The Field Directorate is the Census Bureau's principal operating arm, responsible for the collection and dissemination of data for decennial censuses and for a wide variety of surveys conducted during decennial and intercensal years (i.e., those years between decennial censuses). The Census Bureau conducts non - decennial surveys using its own funds and those received on a reimbursable basis, primarily for other federal agencies. These economic and demographic surveys are a major source of work and funding for the Bureau and the Field Directorate during intercensal years. Presently, the largest and most visible one is the Current Population Survey, a monthly demographic survey of about 70,000 households, conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
34. Democratizing a Post-Conflict State and Society
- Author:
- Mumukshu Patel
- Publication Date:
- 07-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- I try to evaluate the role that major International Organization (IOs) have played in the process of democratization in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). By using the case study of BiH, I try to show that it is vital to create democratic institutions in the state and cultivate democratic politics in society simultaneously, for the process of democratization to succeed. I also explore the evolution of IO mandates in BiH to assess whether IOs have learned from past experiences to make their future programs/projects m o re effective.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Democratization, and Non-Governmental Organization
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Eastern Europe
35. Courts, Congress, And Constituencies: Managing Fisheries By Default
- Author:
- Mary A. Gade, Terry D. Garcia, Jonathan B. Howes, Theodore M. Schad, and Susan Shipman
- Publication Date:
- 07-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- In 1976, the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act established the first federal system to govern fishing in the then newly - declared 200 - mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This management system was uniquely participatory, composed of representatives of states, recreational and commercial fishers, and the federal government. It was organized into eight regional councils that were charged with developing fishery management plans (FMPs), in coordination with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and subject to NMFS review and approval. The councils were established to meet the goals of conserving fishery resources and promoting the U.S. commercial and recreational fishing industry. Under a set of statutory standards, the councils were tasked to make the major management decisions, such as the size of the allowable catch, the length of the fishing season, the allocation of any quotas to states and fishers, and permitting/licensing provisions.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
- Political Geography:
- United States
36. Strengthening Senior Leadership In the U.S. Government: Phase I Report
- Author:
- Sandra J. Hale, Patricia W. Ingraham, Ralph C. Bledsoe, Constance J. Horner, Gilda H. Lambert, and David M. Walker
- Publication Date:
- 12-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- Since its creation in 1978, the Senior Executive Service (SES) has undergone wide - ranging assessments and analyses from a variety of sources. The U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), Grace Commission, Packard Panel, and National Performance Review have addressed SES structural, systemic, and operational issues. In 1998, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) raised these issues anew in a broad review about SES' future, and whether SES selection, development, and management produce the executives needed to meet the leadership challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century. This work led to policy improvements and set the stage for legislative proposals. However, the review did not show stakeholder consensus on several pivotal areas for effecting change in SES structure and composition. As a result, OPM was encouraged to lead a more comprehensive assessment of structure and composition to identify appropriate changes that would enhance overall accountability.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
- Political Geography:
- United States
37. Models For Change: Efforts By Four States To Address Environmental Justice
- Author:
- Jonathan B. Howes, Philip Rutledge, A. James Barnes, Jonathan Howes, Valerie Lemmie, David Mora, James Murley, and Eddie Williams
- Publication Date:
- 06-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- In October 2001, the Office of Environmental Justice at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asked the National Academy of Public Administration (the Academy) to study a selected group of state environmental justice programs and identify opportunities for states to address environmental justice concerns more effectively. This study complements a prior Academy effort that analyzed how environmental justice could be incorporated into EPA's permitting programs for air, waste, and water and contributed to EPA's five - step strategy for integrating environmental justice into its permits.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
- Political Geography:
- United States
38. Citizen Participation and Economic Development
- Author:
- Marcela Tribble, Terry F. Buss, and Stevens F. Redburn
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- The past decade witnessed an increased interest among policy-makers, scholars, and advocates in expanding and deepening citizen participation processes, particularly in community and economic development activities. The Bush Administration, early on in its tenure, philosophized about the idea of a “citizen centric” government. The Clinton Administration, under the leadership of Vice-President Al Gore, worked on numerous citizen participation initiatives as part of its “reinventing government” program. Scholars, most notably, Robert Putnam, in books like Bowling Alone (2001), called attention to the decline in civil society. Redburn and Buss, in their monograph, Modernizing Democracy, called attention to the power of new information technology, and the Internet to engage citizens in public life in more sophisticated ways, and outlined a program to accomplish this goal. Advocates, like the Orton Family Foundation, have invested heavily in development and marketing of software—CommunityViz—to improve the quality of citizen deliberations on community and economic development policy and programming (www.communityviz.com). Representatives from neighborhood groups, the planning profession foundations, think tanks and universities met in Tampa in January 2002 to form a national association to raise the visibility of and expand opportunities for citizen participation in building communities (www.PlaceMatters.com). Hundreds of websites on citizen participation now dot the Internet landscape (e.g., www.democracyinnovations.org).
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- United States
39. Making The World Intellectual Property Organization An Employer Of Choice
- Publication Date:
- 03-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- As the world enters the 21st Century, intellectual property plays an increasingly vital role on the international stage. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has enhanced the worldwide importance of intellectual property, while the rapid growth of activities in this field has heightened WIPO's prominence. At the same time, this trend has triggered a major challenge for the organization: the need to build and maintain a high quality workforce capable of meeting and leading the global expansion.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
40. Department of the Navy: Two-Level Performance Management Program
- Publication Date:
- 09-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The National Academy of Public Administration
- Abstract:
- To gauge the effectiveness of its Two - Level Program, the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Civilian Personnel/Equal Employment Opportunity) of the Department of the Navy (DON) engaged the services of the National Academy of Public Administration's (NAPA) Center for Human Resources Management (CHRM). The NAPA review focused on the extent to which implementation of the DON Two - Level Program fosters adherence to critical program elements including system requirements, awards and recognition, career development and advancement, a more productive environment, and improved communication and feedback. Data were analyzed to determine compliance with program requirements, identify successful approaches, document significant program outcomes, and examine best practices.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, Industrial Policy, and International Organization
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