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2. You Say You Want a Revolution...Then What? The Challenges of Media Training in Post-Qaddafi Libya: A First-Person Essay
- Author:
- Carolyn Robinson
- Publication Date:
- 02-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- CIMA announces the release of a special report, You Say You Want a Revolution … Then What?, a first-person account by veteran journalist and media trainer Carolyn Robinson of her experiences training broadcast journalists in Libya after the death of leader Moammar Qaddafi. Robinson outlines some of the unusual obstacles and challenges she faced in managing two USAID/OTI grants in Libya for Internews in the very early days after the revolution, and how her team came up with novel approaches to overcome the special circumstances they faced on the ground. Her essay is not so much about what can and should be done for media development in Libya today, but about how to structure training in chaotic post-conflict environments.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Development, Oil, Mass Media, and Regime Change
- Political Geography:
- Libya, Arabia, and North Africa
3. U.S. Government Funding for Media: Trends and Strategies
- Author:
- Peter Cary
- Publication Date:
- 03-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- U.S. government support for international media development is declining. Spending by the Department of State and USAID for media freedom and freedom of information programs has dropped 43.5 percent in the past five years–from $135 million in Fiscal Year 2008 to approximately $76.3 million in FY 2012, according to figures supplied by the State Department. This trend and others related to U.S. government support for media development are the subject of this report, which analyzes how U.S. government grant making for media assistance has changed over time and looks at possible reasons those changes have occurred. The data underpinning the report is drawn from two main sources: the State Department's Office of Foreign Assistance Resources, which tracks allocations for foreign aid, and from an in-depth examination and analysis of grant proposals solicited by the U.S. government over the past five years containing at least one media development component.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, Government, Mass Media, and Foreign Aid
- Political Geography:
- United States
4. South Africa's Media 20 Years After Apartheid
- Author:
- Libby Lloyd
- Publication Date:
- 07-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- CIMA announces the release of its most recent report, South Africa's Media 20 Years After Apartheid, by Libby Lloyd, a journalist and researcher on freedom of expression and media policy in South Africa. The report traces how in the post-1994 democratic era South Africa's news media has become among the most concentrated in the world, affecting the quality of its content and the sales of its newspapers. It also examines how decreasing international development support has exacerbated that process - See more at: http://cima.ned.org/publications/south-africas-media-20-years-after-apartheid#sthash.4gCKzUe6.dpuf.
- Topic:
- Apartheid, Democratization, Human Rights, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- Africa
5. Breathing Life into Freedom of Information Laws: The Challenges of Implementation in the Democratizing World
- Author:
- Craig L. LaMay, Robert J. Freeman, and Richard N. Winfield
- Publication Date:
- 09-2013
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- This report is intended to be a practical, useful guide for stakeholders in national and local governments, the media, civil society, and business to making freedom of information laws work. The authors' particular emphasis is on the role public officials and journalists must play in effectively breathing life into these laws, giving meaning to their democratic intent and legal guarantees.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Non-Governmental Organization, Communications, Mass Media, Governance, and Law
6. Bigger Cities, Smaller Screens: Urbanization, Mobile Phones, and Digital Media Trends in Africa
- Author:
- Adam Clayton Powell III
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- Africa will become predominantly urban within 20 years, according to a United Nations report, with cities tripling in size and megacities developing throughout the continent. This suggests significant changes for Africans' consumption of media in general and digital media in particular, with implications for Africa's cities, politics, and civil society.
- Topic:
- Development, Science and Technology, Communications, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- Africa and United Nations
7. Calling the Shots: How Ownership Structures Affect the Independence of News Media
- Author:
- Michelle J. Foster
- Publication Date:
- 11-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- Around the globe, traditional news media–newspapers, magazines, and broadcast networks –are operating in more concentrated environments with fewer owners and less diverse voices. Growth in the number of news media outlets and channels has not resulted in a parallel expansion of viewpoints in traditional news media, especially within local communities. This has adverse consequences for the ability of citizens and communities to hold their governments accountable. If media cannot be free and competitive, they can be neither plural nor diverse. Who owns the media and its infrastructure and who controls its sources of capital and revenue are crucial for any media system.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Markets, Science and Technology, Mass Media, and Infrastructure
8. An Explosion of News: The State of Media in Afghanistan
- Author:
- Peter Cary
- Publication Date:
- 02-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- After the ouster of the Taliban from power by U.S.-led coalition troops in November 2001, the media scene in Afghanistan exploded. Under the Taliban, only one government radio station was allowed to operate, and there were no independent media. Ten years later, the Afghan media scene is a lively place, with more than 175 FM radio stations, 75 TV channels, four news agencies, and hundreds of publications including at least seven daily newspapers. Internet cafes can be found in major cities, and 61 percent of Afghans have mobile phones, which some use to listen to radio.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Development, and Mass Media
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, United States, Central Asia, and Taliban
9. Digital Media in the Arab World One Year After the Revolutions
- Author:
- Jeffrey Ghannam
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- The Arab region is experiencing a profound media shift. The year following the start of the Arab revolutions–in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and violent uprisings in Syria, Yemen, and Bahrain–was followed by continued repression and threats to the exercise of free expression online and offline. But the year also saw great strides in the numbers of Arabs across the region turning to social media platforms and the ascendancy of online engagement. This report traces and analyzes the enabling of tens of millions of individuals–as well as established news outlets–to attract wide global followings with Facebook and Twitter updates and YouTube videos about rapidly changing events. The widely diverse and pluralistic online communities in the Arab world are creating and sharing content, calling into question the future of the many state-owned or self-censored media that provide less in the way of engagement that Arab audiences have come to expect.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Politics, Science and Technology, Mass Media, and Regime Change
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Libya, Yemen, Arabia, Syria, Egypt, Bahrain, and Tunisia
10. Covering Elections: The Challenges of Training the Watchdogs
- Author:
- Rosemary Armao
- Publication Date:
- 03-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- National Endowment for Democracy
- Abstract:
- An unparalleled opportunity for media developers to boost democracy is at hand in the Middle East and North Africa, where once repressed media and civil society groups are forming in the wake of popular uprisings that toppled or are threatening regimes. New constitutions are being drafted, new forms of government debated, and new representatives selected, all against a backdrop of new citizen empowerment and tension among differing parties if not, as in the case of Egypt, outright violence. In addition, new media and technology have radically changed both the political debate in societies and how that debate is covered compared to the past.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Government, Science and Technology, Mass Media, and Foreign Aid
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Egypt