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72. Is Dayton Failing?: Bosnia Four Years After the Peace Agreement
- Publication Date:
- 10-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- In anticipation of the fourth anniversary on 21 November 1999 of the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords, this report presents a detailed analysis of the agreement and the future of the Bosnian peace process. The report assesses efforts to implement the agreement annex by annex, identifying obstacles to continued progress and setting out key choices facing international policymakers.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia and Eastern Europe
73. Waiting For UNMIK: Local Administration in Kosovo
- Publication Date:
- 10-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- More than four months have passed since the start of the deployment of the United Nations in Kosovo. While first efforts were concentrated on the creation of a secure environment and the distribution of humanitarian aid, Civil Administration, the pillar of UNMIK which plays the role of a government, has been slow in reaching the local level.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Ethnic Conflict, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Kosovo, and United Nations
74. Macedonia: Towards Destabilisation? The Kosovo crisis takes its toll on Macedonia
- Publication Date:
- 05-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Since NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia began on 24 March 1999, Macedonia has been in an extremely vulnerable frontline position, facing an unmanageable influx of refugees from Kosovo, the prospect of economic collapse and volatile domestic interethnic relations.
- Topic:
- Security, Migration, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, and Macedonia
75. Kosovo: Let's Learn from Bosnia
- Publication Date:
- 05-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- After almost three and a half years working in Bosnia to implement the Dayton Peace Agreement, the international community will soon face the prospect of establishing a presence in Kosovo. The model proposed at Rambouillet was very similar to that set up at Dayton, but the situation now is very different. This report examines the international effort in Bosnia to see whether lessons can be drawn for Kosovo and other possible future international administrations.
- Topic:
- Security, Migration, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Eastern Europe, and Kosovo
76. Unifying The Kosovar Factions: The Way Forward
- Publication Date:
- 03-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- The Kosovo peace talks, held at Rambouillet (France) under the auspices of the sixnation Contact Group, have been suspended until 15 March 1999 after a provisional agreement was reached on granting substantial autonomy for Kosovo. However, neither the Kosovo Albanians nor Serbian delegates have yet signed the draft peace accord, which calls for a NATO peacekeeping mission in Kosovo, and in which the "final status" issue has been deliberately fudged. The immense complexities of the Kosovo question were dramatically illustrated at Rambouillet by the last-minute refusal of the Albanian delegation to sign the accord, due to pressure from a hardline faction of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) which refused to attend the talks.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Ethnic Conflict, Politics, Treaties and Agreements, and War
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Kosovo, and Serbia
77. Kosovo: The Road To Peace Critical Implementation Issues And a "Who's Who" of Key Players
- Publication Date:
- 03-1999
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- While last spring saw conflict erupt in Kosovo's central Drenica region when Serbian security forces attacked and killed residents of the villages of Prekaz and Likoshan, this spring brings the possibility of peace. The proposed deployment of a 28,000-strong international force for Kosovo will dramatically and immediately halt the sporadic low-intensity battles between Serbian security forces and ethnic Albanian rebels that have displaced 300,000 people. This peace will allow refugees to return to their homes, and provide the day-to-day sense of security on the ground that will enable Kosovo's transition to self-government.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Ethnic Conflict, Politics, Treaties and Agreements, and War
- Political Geography:
- Eastern Europe, Kosovo, and Serbia
78. To Build A Peace: Recommendations For The Madrid Peace Implementation Council Meeting
- Publication Date:
- 12-1998
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Three years after the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia), the country has many of the trappings usually associated with statehood such as a common flag, currency, vehicle licence plate and passport. However, these and other breakthroughs have generally required disproportionate amounts of time and effort on the part of the international community and have all too often been rammed through in spite of Bosnia's domestic institutions. Despite visible progress towards many of the goals contained within the DPA, therefore, Bosnia's peace still gives the impression that it is built on shifting sands. Moreover, although critical to the peace process, the scale of the international presence, which increasingly resembles a protectorate, is in some ways counter-productive to Bosnia's long-term future. On the one hand, domestic institutions and politicians have to a large extent given up responsibility for governing their own country. On the other, the massive international stake has led key international players to declare the peace process a success, irrespective of how it is actually evolving. The international presence is also extremely expensive, costing some $9 billion a year.
- Topic:
- Conflict Prevention, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Eastern Europe
79. Whither Bosnia?
- Publication Date:
- 09-1998
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- Despite considerable progress since the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) in November 1995 in consolidating the peace and rebuilding normal life in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia), international efforts do not appear to be achieving the goal of establishing Bosnia as a stable, functioning state, able at some point to run its own affairs without the need for continued international help. Peace, in the narrow sense of an absence of war, has been maintained; progress has been made in establishing freedom of movement throughout the country; joint institutions, including the state presidency, parliamentary assemblies and ministries, as well as a joint command for the armed forces of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation), have been established.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Government, Migration, Politics, and Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Eastern Europe
80. Minority Return or Mass Relocation?
- Publication Date:
- 05-1998
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- International Crisis Group
- Abstract:
- International organisations working to help displaced Bosnians return to their pre-war homes -- arguably the most important element of the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) -- have declared 1998 the “year of minority returns”. Four months into the year, however, there is the distinct possibility that 1998 may instead prove to be the “year of mass relocation”. This need not be the case. The political climate in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) has shifted in recent months and, despite major setbacks, including in Drvar, minority return success stories are already beginning to emerge. In order to turn the current trickle of minority returns into a steady flow, the lessons of past failures and successes have to be learned.
- Topic:
- Ethnic Conflict, Human Rights, Migration, Treaties and Agreements, and War
- Political Geography:
- Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Eastern Europe