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12. Europe between Brussels and Byzantium: Some Thoughts on European Integration
- Author:
- Niall Ferguson
- Publication Date:
- 11-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- There is, in theory, a plausible role for the European Union as the partner of a militarily assertive United States: the peacekeeper that follows in the wake of the peacemaker. The war in Iraq, however, has raised the possibility of a diametrically different role for Europe: as a potential imperial rival to the United States. There is no need to invoke the memory of either Rome or Byzantium to make the case that Europe is capable of spoiling America's unipolar party. The successful conclusion of accession agreements with ten new member countries – not to mention the sustained appreciation of the euro against the dollar since Kennedy's article appeared – have seemingly vindicated this analysis. So too, in the eyes of some commentators, has the vociferous and not wholly ineffectual opposition of at least some E.U. member states to American policy in Iraq. If the U.S. has an imperial rival today, then the E.U. appears to be it.
- Topic:
- International Relations and War
- Political Geography:
- United States, Iraq, Europe, Rome, and Brussels
13. From Alliances to Ambivalence: The Search for a Transatlantic Agenda In the 21st Century
- Author:
- Jackson Janes
- Publication Date:
- 11-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- During the Cold War, European-American relations were often marked by differences over tactics, but we did share for the most part a strategic goal that was to be achieved on the basis of the twin principles of deterrence and détente. Yet there are some that would argue that this past year has been different; that the transatlantic rift goes deeper and will last longer. If the Americans and Europeans cannot find common ground in certain regulatory areas, it may be that we will agree to disagree on the use of GMO's, technological standards, or Anti-trust legislation. This could lead to more competition but also to duplication in an increasingly interwoven global market. Yet, because we face a vastly more complicated environment today than during previous years — full of threats and opportunities — it will remain a challenge for the coming decade to strategize as to how transatlantic political policy problems can best be dealt with.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Cold War, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
14. Making Money: Political Development, the Greenback, and the Euro
- Author:
- Kathleen R. McNamara
- Publication Date:
- 10-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- The creation of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in Europe challenges much of what we have come to take for granted about states and the components of sovereignty. What does the willingness of twelve European Union (EU) members to abandon their own currencies mean for the nation-states of Europe? Does the Euro automatically imply further political development at the EU level? To address these questions, this paper parses out the role that national currencies play in statebuilding with reference to the nineteenth century American experience. Just as US federal authorities engaged in a political project to wrest control over money from subnational authorities to the center and unify the currency, so have the dynamics of currency unification in the EU involved important conflicts over the location of the legitimate exercise of control and rule. In particular, I highlight the role of war and market integration in prompting currency consolidation, and the importance of linkages between money and fiscal capacity for statebuilding, and apply the analytical lessons learned from the US experience to the case of the Euro.
- Topic:
- Development and Economics
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
15. The Euro Through a Glass Darkly
- Author:
- Barry Eichengreen
- Publication Date:
- 09-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- On January 1st, Europe's monetary union will celebrate its fifth anniversary. Congratulations are not exactly pouring in. For going on two years, growth in the countries of the Euro Area has been significantly slower than in the United States. Unemployment over much of the continent remains disturbingly high. The single currency has not been a tonic for Europe's stagnant economy. To the contrary, numerous critics complain, the advent of the euro has only compounded Europe's economic problems. This paper provides a review and analysis of the debate.
- Topic:
- Economics and Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
16. Whither Europe?
- Author:
- Barry Eichengreen
- Publication Date:
- 05-2003
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- Where I live, on the West Coast of the United States, and teach, at the University of California, Europe seems far away. Geographically we are closer to Latin America and Asia. Ethnically, Californians of Hispanic and Asian-American descent are increasingly numerous. Within 20 years, residents of European origin will be a minority; already they are a minority of the undergraduates enrolling at Berkeley. Economically as well, we look to Asia. It is in California where the largest number of container ships arriving from Asia are unloaded, and it is across the Pacific, and in China in particular, that most of those containers originate.
- Topic:
- Economics and Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, Europe, Asia, California, and Latin America
17. The Worried Friend, or: Hegemony vs. Globalization
- Author:
- Claus Leggewie
- Publication Date:
- 11-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- How real is American hegemony, given that only a few years ago talk about the decline of American power dominated discussion? How do allied states deal with a superpower that is no longer so benign? Does the United States still provide security for Western Europe and the rest of the world at all? And is a transnational world in need of Pax Americana, or what should, from a European and transatlantic perspective, take its place?
- Topic:
- Security and Globalization
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Europe
18. The European Union and North America
- Author:
- Edward A. Fogarty
- Publication Date:
- 10-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- This paper assesses the past, present, and future of transatlantic commercial relations in terms of EU trade strategies. After surveying the medium-term trajectories of the relationships with the United States, Mexico, and Canada-both separately and as a group-it will consider several possible sources of European Union trade preferences vis-à-vis NAFTA, including interest groups' incentives to seek to capture national and European governing institutions, the balance between the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, European leaders' desire to balance against overweening American power, and possible attempts to construct either a common Western identity or, alternatively, a European identity in contradistinction what the United States seems to represent. The hope is that these different approaches provide a contrasting set of interpretations whose comparison side-by-side allows new insights into the dynamics governing EU-North American trade relations.
- Topic:
- International Trade and Finance
- Political Geography:
- United States, Europe, Canada, North America, and Mexico
19. Immigration in the United States
- Author:
- Philip L. Martin
- Publication Date:
- 04-2002
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- This chapter summarizes migration patterns, puts the immigration and integration challenges facing the US in a global context, reviews the evolution of US immigration and immigration policy, and then focuses on some of the immigration and integration issues being debated early in the 21st century. Immigration is likely to continue at current levels of 900,000 legal and 300,000 unauthorized a year, so that Americans will, in the words of former Census director Kenneth Prewitt, "redefine ourselves as the first country in world history which is literally made up of every part of the world."
- Topic:
- Government, Human Welfare, and Migration
- Political Geography:
- United States
20. Why is there no mad cow disease in the United States? Comparing the politics of food safety in Europe and the U.S.
- Author:
- Christoph Strünck
- Publication Date:
- 12-2001
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute of European Studies
- Abstract:
- This paper compares approaches towards food safety regulation in Europe and the United States. It focuses on mad cow disease and examines how the British Government and the European Union handled the first big crisis in the nineties, juxtaposed to the American response. This worst public health disaster in Europe has led to new agencies and policies. However, these institutional changes do not abolish fragmentation, but extend the existing landscape regulatory bodies. The paper emphasizes that fragmentation-as the American case shows despite its shortcomings-prevents science from being captured by the state, allows interest groups broader access and ensures a distinct pattern of checks and balances.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology
- Political Geography:
- United States, America, and Europe
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