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21. The Effects of Financial Inclusion on Development Outcomes: New Insights from ASEAN and East Asian Countries

22. The Composition of Financial Inclusion in ASEAN and East Asia: A New Hybrid Index and Some Stylised FactsThe paper provides an overview of the existing measures of financial inclusion and critically evaluates the two widely used existing methodologies to measure the dimensions – the principal component analysis (PCA) method and the Distance method, respectively. We subsequently propose a new hybrid financial inclusion index, which draws on the strengths of existing measures. We propose four key stylised facts by critically evaluating three dimensions of financial inclusion – access, usage, and quality in 22 Asian countries in the period 2004-2015. Utilising PCA scores, we identify the top two indicators under each dimension and by country, which are directly relevant for policy perspectives. An important finding is that the top five and the bottom five countries are the same under all three methodologies. There is a pattern across countries in adopting usage, access, and quality dimensions of financial inclusion over time. We also find that the top two indicators appear to play a significant role across all developing countries in the sample.

23. The Poverty-Reducing Effects of Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Cambodia

24. Financial Inclusion, Active Bank Accounts and Poverty Reduction in India

25. Economic Damage from Natural Hazards and Local Disaster Management Plans in Japan and Thailand

26. Does Change in Intellectual Property Rights Induce Demand for Skilled Workers? Evidence from India

27. Robotics Technology and Firm-level Employment Adjustment in Japan

28. Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: The Case of Thailand

29. he Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Plentiful Rainfall on Cognitive Development in Viet Nam

30. The Role of Innovation in Skill Development: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Viet Nam