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361. Chinese Competition - Learning From Japan: China Challenge

Author:
Simon Collinson and Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor
Publication Date:
12-2007
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
IN THE 1970S AND 1980S THERE WAS a widespread fear in the west of Japanese economic superiority. Unprecedented growth in its gross domestic product (GDP), exports and outward foreign direct investment suggested an alternative model of market capitalism that was out-performing the United States and European economies. High-profile articles and books fed this fear and research efforts tried to identify what was different about Japan and how such differences might convey sustained competitive advantages.
Political Geography:
United States, Japan, and China

362. Contemporary Chinese Views of Europe

Author:
Karine Lisbonne-de Vergeron
Publication Date:
11-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
Undoubtedly, the Chinese currently think of Europe, and of the European Union, primarily in economic terms. Since 2004, the EU has been China's first trading partner, accounting for 15% of its overall external trade in 2006, with a bilateral increase of 25% from 2005. Overall, bilateral trade between China and the EU has increased more than sixty-fold since 1978 to reach nearly €255 billion in 2006. In return, China is the EU's second largest trading partner, after the United States, and in 2006 became the largest source of EU imports, amounting to approximately €192 billion, or 14.4% of the total, a 21% increase from 2005. Over the same period, EU exports to China increased by 23% to approximately €63 billion.
Topic:
Civil Society, International Political Economy, and International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:
United States, China, Europe, and Asia

363. Changing Climates: Interdependencies on Energy and Climate Security for China and Europe

Author:
Bernice Lee and Antony Froggatt
Publication Date:
11-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
We are on the cusp of a new industrial revolution, one driven by energy and climate security concerns. Policy-makers and business leaders are beginning to calibrate decisions on trade, financing and production planning against this new reality. Central to making this vision work is enlightened thinking around the potential economic and political benefits–rather than the costs–of the transition to a low-carbon future.
Topic:
Security, Climate Change, and Environment
Political Geography:
China, Europe, and Asia

364. India and its Neighbours: Do Economic Interests Have the Potential to Build Peace?

Author:
Charu Lata Hogg
Publication Date:
11-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
Until a decade ago, India was regarded largely as a poor developing country with low visibility on the global political and economic front. A multitude of factors, most prominently its emerging global economic strength, have led India not only to redefine its self-image but also to adopt a new political role both internationally and within its immediate neighbourhood.
Topic:
Economics, International Political Economy, International Trade and Finance, and Regional Cooperation
Political Geography:
China, South Asia, India, and Asia

365. Recommended Best Practices for Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: Technical Study No. 1--Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: Progress in Adopting the Precautionary Approach and Ecosystem-Based Management

Author:
Marjorie L Mooney-Seus and Andrew A Rosenberg
Publication Date:
10-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) employ a variety of approaches and methods to manage resources and associated ecosystems under their jurisdiction. Based primarily on a review of annual and technical reports of 13 RFMOs and various publications by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 'best practices' were identified with respect to Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and the Precautionary Approach (PA). In addition, information was collected on RFMO target and non-target species, management decision rules and operational benchmarks (where possible), research programmes, and use of scientific advice in decision-making. Through an understanding of best practices employed by various RFMOs, a model for improved high seas governance is derived, which includes measures to promote both EBM and PA.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, Environment, and United Nations

366. Recommended Best Practices for Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: Technical Study No. 2--Practice of RFMOs Regarding Non-members

Author:
Daniel Owen
Publication Date:
10-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
The terms of reference ('ToR') of this report are as follows: Brief analysis of, and references to, decisions or resolutions of RFMOs relating to cooperating non-members. Note will be made when the decision or resolution in question makes express reference to any provision of the RFMO's establishing treaty that deals with admission of new members. Whether any examples exist of positive measures applied to cooperating non-members (e.g. catch allocations). Review of measures (including trade and market measures, sanctions, port access restrictions) applied by RFMOs against non-members (whether cooperating non-members or non-cooperating non-members). In addition to, a brief illustrative survey, with examples, of any measures taken by individual States as members of RFMOs in implementation of the measures described in. [This survey is likely to be limited to addressing the practice of just two RFMO members.]
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, and Environment

367. Recommended Best Practices for Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: Technical Study No. 3 -- The Relevance of Bioeconomic Modelling to RFMO Resources: A Survey of the Literature

Author:
Trond Bjørndal and Sarah Martin
Publication Date:
10-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
According to the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, the management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks is to be carried out through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), composed of relevant coastal states and distant water fishing nations with a 'real interest' in the fishery. An important objective in the management of such fish stocks under the governance of RFMOs is that the resources should provide through time the maximum flow of economic rents to the members of the RFMO. The purpose of this report is to provide a survey, and an assessment, of bioeconomic modelling exercises pertaining to straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, Economics, and Environment
Political Geography:
United Nations

368. Recommended Best Practices for Regional Fisheries Management Organizations

Author:
Michael W Lodge, David Anderson, Terje Løbach, Gordon Munro, Keith Sainsbury, and Anna Willock
Publication Date:
08-2007
Content Type:
Book
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
Regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements (RFMOs) play a critical role in the global system of fisheries governance. They are the primary mechanism for achieving the cooperation between and among all fishing countries, including coastal states, that is essential for the effective management of international fisheries. The essential purpose of an RFMO, therefore, is to provide an effective forum for international cooperation in order to enable States to agree on conservation and management measures for those fisheries.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, and Environment

369. Climate Change, Competitiveness and Trade

Author:
Aaron Cosbey and Richard Tarasofsky
Publication Date:
06-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
This report considers the implications of the Kyoto Protocol on competitiveness and addresses the WTO-compatibility of measures to offset competitive losses. From the outset the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have had to contend with perceived tension between effective action to slow climate change and maintenance of competitiveness. This report explores the nature of the concerns over competitiveness, trying to dissect them in a meaningful way and assess the need for concern. It employs a definition of competitiveness that applies as between firms, as opposed to any general notion of the competitiveness of nations.
Topic:
Climate Change, International Trade and Finance, Treaties and Agreements, and United Nations

370. Growth and Responsibility: A Review of Business Action for Africa between the UK and German G8 Presidencies 2005-7

Author:
Richard Reeve
Publication Date:
06-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Chatham House
Abstract:
In March 2005 the report of the Commission for Africa called for a sea change in the way the business community engaged in the development process in Africa. The G8 Gleneagles summit that July made a series of commitments on boosting African development, while in London a new international network was launched to bring G8 and African business leaders together to build on the momentum of the Commission and the UK's dual G8 and EU presidencies. Business Action for Africa (BAA) declared its aims as: to present a clear African and international business voice to promote growth and poverty reduction; to promote more positive, balanced perceptions of Africa; and to develop and showcase good business practice.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance
Political Geography:
Africa, Russia, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Europe, Asia, and Germany