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11. United Nations Justice: Legal and Judicial Reform in Governance Operations

Author:
Scott N. Carlson
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Calin Trenkov-Wermuth's "United Nations Justice" provides a thoughtful and useful contribution to the understanding of how UN governance operations have evolved.
Topic:
United Nations
Political Geography:
United States

12. "The Gender of Reparations: Unsettling Sexual Hierarchies While Redressing Human Rights Violations" Edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin

Author:
Debra L. DeLaet
Publication Date:
06-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
This edited collection provides a gender-sensitive analysis of reparations programs in transitional and postconflict societies, examining the gendered nature of violence during armed conflict and political repression, and reparations as an approach to promoting postconflict justice.
Topic:
Human Rights and United Nations

13. Implementing the Responsibility to Protect: Where Expectations Meet Reality

Author:
Jennifer Welsh
Publication Date:
10-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Responsibility to Protect: The Global Effort to End Mass Atrocities, Alex J. Bellamy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009), 249 pp., $70 cloth, $25 paper. The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and for All, Gareth Evans (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2008), 349 pp., $37 cloth, $20 paper. Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Who Should Intervene?, James Pattison (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 284 pp., $95 cloth. In June 2010 intercommunal violence exploded in Kyrgyzstan's southern cities of Osh and Jalalabad, resulting in the dramatic scene of thousands of ethnic Uzbeks fleeing their homes to avoid persecution by groups of ethnic Kyrgyz (allegedly backed by government troops). Reports of arson, rape, and other atrocities were widespread, accompanied by varying accounts of the number of civilians killed.1 The response to the persecution and displacement followed a pattern that we have seen before: calls for urgent international action by nongovernmental organizations, such as Human Rights Watch and the International Crisis Group, followed by a muted response on the part of international organizations (in this case, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the United Nations Security Council). While both Russia and the United States were active in supporting efforts to organize humanitarian assistance to those affected by the violence, neither state was prepared to tackle the political and logistical challenge of deploying military forces to the region to protect civilians.
Topic:
Security and United Nations
Political Geography:
Russia, United States, and Washington

14. "What's Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix It" by Thomas G. Weiss [Full Text]

Author:
Barbara Crossette
Publication Date:
09-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Drawing on his own UN experience and studying it from outside, Weiss clears away a lot of the debris of superficial critiques to uncover the deeper explanations for why the more world problems become interconnected and global in scope the less the UN seems able to cope with them.
Topic:
United Nations
Political Geography:
America

15. "Defending Humanity: When Force is Justified and Why"

Author:
Endre Begby
Publication Date:
06-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
The authors seek a legal foundation for humanitarian intervention without Security Council authorization squarely within the UN Charter's Article 51, which grants UN members an "inherent right of individual or collective self-defense" in response to armed attack.
Topic:
Security, Humanitarian Aid, and United Nations

16. Introduction: Can Democracies Go It Alone?

Publication Date:
03-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
The idea that democratic states should establish exclusive venues for international cooperation provides an opportunity for reflection on the global role of the U.S. and other liberal democracies, and on the future of multilateralism and the UN system.
Topic:
United Nations
Political Geography:
United States

17. Why a League of Democracies Will Not Work

Author:
Stephen Schlesinger
Publication Date:
03-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
The proposal for a league of democracies is fraught with a number of fundamental flaws. In fact, much of what these democracy strategists are seeking can be obtained within the existing universal security institution, the UN.
Topic:
Human Rights and United Nations
Political Geography:
United States

18. Democracies, Human Rights, and Collective Action

Author:
Ruth Wedgwood
Publication Date:
03-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
A caucus of democracies and liberal states within the UN could aim to crosscut the UN's deeply entrenched hegemonic voting patterns and support and celebrate the purposes and claims of democracy.
Topic:
Human Rights and United Nations
Political Geography:
Germany

19. ONLINE EXCLUSIVE: For a Federation of Democracies (Response to Stephen Schlesinger)

Author:
John J. Davenport
Publication Date:
03-2009
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Davenport argues for a federation of democracies to replace the United Nations Security Council. This new level of government, he says, is necessary to achieve the international cooperation needed to manage a global economy and address global problems.
Topic:
Government and United Nations

20. Can There Be a "Kindered" Peace?

Author:
Alison M. S. Watson
Publication Date:
03-2008
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
There are more resources now devoted to the pursuit of peace than at any time in the history of the international system. The participating cast of actors—international, regional, state, and nonstate—seek to create a peace that is essentially Kantian in spirit, and thus heavily dependent upon the maintenance of an international liberal order through international governmental organizations, such as the United Nations. The resultant peace-building strategies are then often justified in terms of the promotion of human rights, democratization, and ''human security''—concepts that together form the cornerstone of what has come to be termed the ''liberal peace.'' Evidence increasingly suggests, however, that the mechanisms used to achieve such a peace typically fail to secure a sustainable peace, and in particular that they may not adequately take into account those actors whose claims for peace may prove especially intransigent—such as those with ethnic and identity claims, and those, ironically, for whom the achievement of human security is particularly pertinent.
Topic:
Democratization, Government, Human Rights, and United Nations