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181. "Cosmopolitan Regard: Political Membership and Global Justice"

Author:
David Miller
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
This volume is an impressive addition to the small but growing body of literature on global justice that tries to find a midpoint between cosmopolitanism and statism or nationalism (other books in this category include Kok-Chor Tan's Justice without Borders and Gillian Brock's Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Account). The aim is to make room for the idea that we owe special duties to our fellow citizens by virtue of some feature of our relationship, while at the same time to show that these duties are only defensible if we also acknowledge certain cosmopolitan responsibilities. Vernon follows an original path to this conclusion. The argument is quite intricate, and I cannot engage with all of it in the space of a short review, so I will focus on what I take to be the book's central claims.
Topic:
Government

182. "The Practice of Global Citizenship"

Author:
Mark Gibney
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Human rights are (universally) declared to be universal, yet we continue to live in a world where it is seemingly quite natural to limit human rights obligations to a state's own territorial borders. No doubt, many will accuse me of overstating matters when I say that territorial constraints constitute the single greatest impediment to the protection of human rights. What the territorial approach has done is to perpetuate a world of haves and have-nots among states, in which human rights protection is in large part dependent on the accident of birth. By rejecting the universality of duties, we have made a mockery of the universality of human rights.
Topic:
Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid
Political Geography:
United States

183. "Global Justice and Due Process"

Author:
Eric Posner
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
In his latest book, Larry May argues that two rights—the right to habeas corpus and to non-refoulement—should be incorporated into international law as jus cogens norms. Habeas corpus, which is recognized in the United Kingdom, the United States, and a few other countries with U.K.-derived legal systems, is a legal procedure in which a prisoner can appear in court and challenge the basis of his detention. Non-refoulement is the principle that states should not deport aliens who are unlawfully on their soil if the aliens will be persecuted or abused in the state to which they will be returned. There is currently no right to habeas corpus in international law; most states have agreed to recognize limited rights of non-refoulement. Jus cogens norms are norms of international law that bind states even if they reject them, in contrast to ordinary international legal norms, which require states' consent. Torture, slavery, genocide, and aggressive war are generally thought to be on the list of jus cogens prohibitions, and it is to this group that May wants to add the failure to offer habeas corpus and the deportation of aliens to states where they are likely to be abused.
Topic:
Human Rights
Political Geography:
United States and United Kingdom

184. "Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference"

Author:
Eva Hausteiner
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Recent books on empires—and there have been many—often have quite straightforward titles. Famous examples include Michael Doyle's Empires(1986), Niall Ferguson's Empire (2003), Herfried Münkler's Empires (2008), and Timothy Parsons'sThe Rule of Empires (2010). Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper's Empires in World History is no exception. One reason for this might be that the concept of empire is still not fully established in the scholarly vocabulary when it comes to describing the present. Speaking of empires in the past is widely accepted, but imperial structures as recurring and even contemporary political phenomena are still highly debated. The endeavor of bringing empire back in as a transhistorical concept of heuristic value, complementing existing notions of political order, such as the nation-state, and going beyond the analysis of imperialism, is far from concluded.
Topic:
Politics
Political Geography:
Africa, China, and Eurasia

185. "Global Governance and the UN: An Unfinished Journey" by Thomas G. Weiss and Ramesh Thakur

Author:
Timothy D. Sisk
Publication Date:
12-2011
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
When two of the leading scholars on the United Nations team up to write a definitive overview of the premier international organization managing the great global issues of our day, both scholars and students should take notice. This book, which stems from the work of the United Nations Intellectual History Project, delivers on its primary goal of identifying "gaps" in world order and the ways that the UN has evolved to manage those gaps, albeit in a somewhat ad hoc fashion; and it offers perhaps the most integrated and big-picture perspective of the United Nations in contemporary international relations literature.
Topic:
Terrorism and United Nations

186. Just War, Jihad, and the Study of Comparative Ethics

Author:
John Kelsay
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
What can the study of the comparative ethics tell us about the similarities and divergences between the just war and jihad traditions? How can the discipline help locate shared concerns, identify persistent differences, and reveal common narratives?
Topic:
Islam and Culture
Political Geography:
America and Europe

187. The Ethical Implications of Sea-Level Rise Due to Climate Change

Author:
Sujatha Byravan and Sudhir Chella Rajan
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
Does humanity have a moral obligation toward the estimated millions of individuals who will be displaced from their homes over the course of this century primarily due to sea-level rise (SLR) as the earth's climate warms? If there are indeed sound reasons for the world to act on their behalf, what form should these actions take?
Topic:
Environment

188. Kicking Bodies and Damning Souls: The Danger of Harming "Innocent" Individuals While Punishing "Delinquent" States [Abstract]

Author:
Toni Erskine
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
The problem with trying to punish an institution that is judged to be ''delinquent''—whether a ''rogue state,'' the United Nations, BP, or the United States Army—might be understood as one of responding to an entity that (to invoke Edward, First Baron Thurlow's eighteenth-century account of the corporation) ''has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked.'' Perhaps this seems a fairly obvious point. After all, even if one can draw some carefully qualified analogies between individual human actors and institutions (as I will attempt to do in the first part of this article), the two types of entity are different in important ways. One might thereby conclude that the corporeal—and, depending on one's beliefs, even the spiritual—nature of individual human beings renders them vulnerable to forms of punitive harm to which institutions, in the sense of formal organizations, are simply impervious. Alternatively, one might counter that such an observation has little relevance when we are talking about ''delinquent''
Political Geography:
United States and United Nations

189. Reviving Nuclear Ethics: A Renewed Research Agenda for the Twenty-First Century

Author:
Thomas E. Doyle
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
In 1976 the noted Catholic ethicist J. Bryan Hehir expressed concern about the waning sense of moral urgency over the existence of nuclear weapons with each passing year that superpower nuclear war was avoided. Acknowledging that international ethicists had justifiably turned to other global problems, such as world hunger and poverty, Hehir still worried that the relative exile [of the ethical analysis of the nuclear] issue [that] has endured in the academy . . . , if not in government during the last decade, is not healthy. The price of error on this issue is still catastrophic; the chance of redress is minimal. Yet each year the genie kept in the political bottle contributes to our confidence of control and can contribute to our lack of attention. But the complexity of the issue and the costs of ignorance require attention, ethically and politically.
Topic:
Government and Poverty

190. On Amartya Sen and "The Idea of Justice"

Author:
Chris Brown
Publication Date:
09-2010
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Carnegie Council
Abstract:
"The Idea of Justice" summarizes and extends many of the themes Amartya Sen has been engaged with for the last quarter century: economic versus political rights, cultural relativism and the origin of notions such as human rights, and entitlements and their relation to gender equality.
Political Geography:
New York