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32. La Confianza y la Sunshine Policy en Corea
- Author:
- Joël Lambert
- Publication Date:
- 10-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- Hacia el final de 2000, el entonces Presidente de Corea del Sur, Kim Dae-jung, recibió el Premio Nóbel de la Paz otorgado por su trayectoria de lucha en favor de la democracia y de la paz, en la península coreana. Ese mismo año, antes de recibir la condecoración, Kim Dae-jung se había reunido con su homólogo de Corea del Norte, Kim Jong Il, en una Cumbre histórica en Pyongyang. Este encuentro se transformó en el símbolo de su Sunshine Policy, política que Kim Dae-jung desarrolló hacia Corea del Norte durante su Presidencia entre los años 1998 y 2003. En la reunión, el Sur y el Norte concordaron en que era importante consolidar la confianza entre ellos, lo que quedó estipulado en la Declaración Conjunta de la Cumbre. Kim Dae-jung reiteró su compromiso de incrementar la confianza mutua en la península, por lo menos, en dos discursos durante el mismo año (Kim, 2000b; Kim, 2000c). Su comportamiento con el Norte llevó a que Levin y Han (2003: 31) afirmaran que una característica distintiva de su Sunshine Policy era la disposición de Kim Dae-jung a confiar en Kim Jong Il, aun sin tener evidencias claras sobre las cuales basarla. La importancia de la confianza en los planteamientos de Kim Dae-jung lleva a cuestionar las características de este concepto y el rol que puede jugar en la búsqueda de la paz. Su estudio es relativamente nuevo en las Relaciones Internacionales, a excepción de la literatura sobre las medidas de confianza mutua en el ámbito de la seguridad. Contrariamente a éstas, se propone analizar la confianza como un concepto explicativo global de las Relaciones Internacionales, y no sólo restringido a los temas de seguridad.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy and Regional Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Asia, South Korea, and North Korea
33. Una alternativa de participación política. Las Redes Ciudadanas del PRD en Nuevo León
- Author:
- Angélica Hernández Ramírez
- Publication Date:
- 09-2008
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- La política ha cobrado un significado negativo ante los ojos de buena parte de la ciudadanía, quien, lejos de desear participar en ella, permanece lo más alejada posible. Ante esta situación, los partidos políticos y algunos sectores de la sociedad han comenzado a buscar medios alternativos de participación política. Uno de ellos está formado por las redes ciudadanas que podrían facilitar una participación directa mayor que la de los propios partidos, y que podrían constituir, en ocasiones, grandes masas de individuos dispuestos a integrarse en el sistema político.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
34. Winning is Everything: The Presidency of George W. Bush
- Author:
- Richard E. Hartwig
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- After the events of 9/11/01, the United States rallied around President George W. Bush. An administration that was initially weak and semi-legiti-mate came to directly control the executive and legislative branches of government and gradually strengthen its influence over the judiciary. Bush and the Republican majority in Congress attained hegemony domestically as well as internationally. Having acquired the power to ignore the rules, they often proceeded to do so. A semi-idealistic “winning is everything” approach to foreign policy led the United States into a quagmire in Iraq. An unempirical “winning is everything” approach to domestic policy, which often distorts the rules (law, science, and standard economics) and ignores the “referees” (the GAO, the CBO, the IMF), has created potentially disastrous medium and long-term problems for the United States.
- Topic:
- Government, Politics, Terrorism, and War
- Political Geography:
- United States and Iraq
35. Olimpiadas y Copa Mundial de Fútbol: ¿Competencias deportivas o instrumentos políticos?
- Author:
- Karina Garcia
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- This paper analyzes the setting of the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup employing a geopolitical approach. To identify in which way these international sports events are geopolitical instruments of the International System, I present a revision of different elements involved in the selection of China and South Africa as respective hosts of the Olympic Games of 2008 and the World Cup of 2010, such as the motives, goals and possible benefits of these two countries. In this way, I sustain the thesis that the Olympic Games and the World Cup are political instruments used by the States to pursue their geopolitical interests.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia, and South Africa
36. Un repaso a la regionalización y el regionalismo: Los primeros procesos de integración regional en América Latina
- Author:
- Maria Fajado
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- This article analyses the first regionalism in Latin America, understood as the first regional economic integration agreements which appeared in the sixties, particularly the mechanisms of integration ALALC-ALADI, MCCA and PA. For such purpose, firstly the author presents a theoretical reflection about the regionalization and its political projects, in other words, the regionalism. Then, the international circumstances and the economic policies that served for developing these mechanisms of regional integration in Latin America are depicted.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Cooperation, and Regional Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
37. Telesur : Estrategia geopolítica con fines integracionistas
- Author:
- Andrés Cañizález and Jairo Lugo
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- This article discusses the project of Telesur in the context of regional integration in Latin America and geopolitical confrontation with the US. The article considers the way in which confrontation between President Hugo Chávez's administration and the United States has made geopolitics a fundamental part of this telecommunications project. It discusses the validity of comparing Telesur to other broadcasters such as Al-Jazeera and EuroNews. Although is still too soon to provide an assessment of the viability of the channel, it is already possible to foresee that it will face in the near future a series of challenges that will reshape its nature and that of its audiences.
- Topic:
- Emerging Markets, International Cooperation, and Regional Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
38. Sistema electoral y democracia de calidad: Análisis de las campañas electorales en Nuevo León
- Author:
- Gabriela Salazar Gonzales
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- The present article analyzes the electoral campaigns in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, as a way to establish if these campaigns, as a fundamental part of the electoral and political processes, contribute to achieve a quality democracy. Based on the definition of a good quality democracy, we analyze the electoral campaigns and their institutional design: length, financing, political parties, access to the media, negative campaigns, political debates, government advertising during the campaigns, political parties fiscal accountability and their overall impact in the public participation. Finally, this paper outlines some proposals of improvement for the design of the electoral campaigns in Nuevo León.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Latin America and Mexico
39. ¿Democracia por método o democracia por principio? Latinoamérica y su condicionado compromiso con la pluralid
- Author:
- Ulises Carrillo Cabrera and Gabriela López Gómez
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- The process of democratic consolidation in Latin America may seem to be dominated by an utilitarian search of better governments and not by a real commitment to adopt democratic principles and values. This essay analyzes data from Latinobarometer for the last decade and finds evidence of a support for democracy that is associated with low inflation and strong GNP growth. Democracy is far from being the 'only game in town' and is under pressure to obtain specific policy outcomes. Partial evidence suggests that citizens tend to support regimes from the left when they realize that democracy is more a procedural system rather than a regime of effective redistribution of wealth and income.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Latin America
40. Constitución y democracia. ¿Límites y vínculos?
- Author:
- Adrián Rentería Díaz
- Publication Date:
- 10-2007
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- There has been a process of change in the notion of constitutionalism since the middle of the 20th century, setting itself apart from its previous conceptualization which was distinguished by its stiffness and the existence of an organ responsible of surveilling the supremacy of the Constitution above the law. Using this affirmation as a starting point, the author examines the ways in which the neo-constitutionalism and the 19th-century constitutionalism theorized the concepts of constitution and democracy. The aim of this analysis is to demonstrate that the concept of formal democracy -as a method to take public decisions on the basis of the majority principle- has exhausted its heuristic capacity in neo-constitutionalism. According to the author, the use of such concept generates an indissoluble tension between constitution and democracy. Thus, based on the work of Luigi Ferrajoli, the author proposes a radical review of the concept of democracy that incorporates substantial aspects and takes into account the reality of the current normative systems.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Latin America