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12. Constitutional Article 59 and 20th Century Mexican Authoritarianism: An Explanatory Explicative Synthesis
- Author:
- José Ramón López Rubí Calderón
- Publication Date:
- 06-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- If the principal components of Mexico's 20th century authoritarianism were a strong president and a hegemonic party loyal.to it, we need to ask: What were the causes of the creation of the binomial system that was in fact successfully supported and articulated. From the perspective of neoinstitutionalism, this text explores not only the causal connections between the implementation and the workings of no-reelection in the federal Congress, but also the creation and persistence of the authoritarian regime. In fact, such an institution (institutional rule) contributed to the concentration of power in one single party that then contributed to the concentration of power in one single figure, the president.
- Topic:
- Development, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Mexico
13. Legislative Performance and party difference in Mexico: the Chamber of Deputies, 2000-2003
- Author:
- Everado Rodrigo Daz Gmez
- Publication Date:
- 05-2006
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- El artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación sobre el desempeño legislativo y la disciplina partidista en la Cámara de Diputados mexicana, durante la 58 Legislatura (2000-2003). El trabajo pone a prueba cuatro hipótesis provenientes de la bibliografía sobre gobierno sin mayoría en el caso mexicano. En particular, busca mostrar que, contrario a lo que se piensa comúnmente, las instituciones políticas mexicanas, y en especial el Congreso, no están en un estado de “parálisis” o crisis.
- Topic:
- Development, Government, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Central America and Mexico
14. Radical conclusion and conflict in the formation of the people's populism
- Author:
- Sebastián Barros
- Publication Date:
- 12-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- This article reviews the concept of populism as presented by Ernesto Laclau. I argue that Laclau's definition needs to clarify the reference to “the excluded” in order to isolate the specificity of populism. By bringing into the discussion an argument about the conflictive nature of politics, I contend that populism can be defined as the moment of the eruption of the excluded. In other words, the idea of radical inclusion means that populist discourse provokes the transformation of the institutional order.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Development, Government, and Politics
15. Elections in Mexico: restrictions, fraud, and conflicts
- Author:
- José María Infante
- Publication Date:
- 12-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- The development of electoral processes in modern democracies has a long history of reconstructions that slowly lifted restrictive conditions. This development has not been without conflicts and many obstacles have had to be overcome to establish citizens' confidence in voting. In the case of Mexico, electoral transformation experienced many difficulties, and combined with the strong presence of the state machinery elections were unreliable until the end of the 20th century. Therefore, despite advances, there are still many problems with the electoral process. This article provides a summary of the principal electoral issues in the past decade in an attempt to unravel the causes.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, Development, and Government
- Political Geography:
- Mexico
16. Chilean Foreign Policy: Exceptionality or Continuity? A review of "profound forces" and tendencies
- Author:
- María Elena Lorenzini and Myriam Colacrai
- Publication Date:
- 12-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this article is to explore how identity and profound forces shape the foreign policy of states. The author discusses how traditional Chilean foreign policy actions reveal its identity while also taking into account new external policy trends that seemingly operate within the construction of a new identity. With respect to profound forces, the article examines the following: institutional stability and democratic processes ( Pinochet's dictatorship is an exception here), presidentialism, territorial factors and regional balance, and the civic-pragmatic style of its diplomacy.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Development, and Government
- Political Geography:
- South America
17. Latin American Religious Responses to Socio-cultural changes of Globalization
- Author:
- Alice Hamui Sutton
- Publication Date:
- 12-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- At the beginning of this third millennium, we are witnessing the end of an era marked by the hegemony of European Christianity and the globalization of a deterritorialized and decentered Christianity. Evangelical Pentecostalism and the Catholic Charismatic Renovation Movement are examples of this type of individual salvation spiritualism in Latin America. This article illustrates how these movements base their success on their ritual pragmatism with regard to personal crisis situations and the image of a near and accessible God. Moreover, the success of these movements is because of the adjustment to new conditions of the global market, the adaptation to the new processes of citizenship typical of modern democracies, and the satisfaction of spiritual and affective needs in a context of intense shifts trying to create new identities to reestablish the social framework of society.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Government, and Religion
- Political Geography:
- Europe, South America, and Latin America
18. Institutional Traditions and Democratic Consolidation in Uruguay
- Author:
- Jos Ruiz Valerio
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- This paper analyzes the role played by institutional traditions in Uruguayan democracy by focusing attention on two main issues. First, I describe the context in which the current Uruguayan political parties arose and the relationships established among them. Second, although it is true that parties naturally express alternative visions about politics, I contend that the building of a democratic system requires a basic consensus on which to base a set of rules that govern and contain dissidence. I discuss these two themes beginning with the emergence of Uruguay as an independent state until the term of Julio María Sanguinetti's second presidency in 2000.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Democratization, and Government
- Political Geography:
- South America and Uruguay
19. Charismatic Leadership and Political Institutionalization: the Case of the Democratic Revolutionary Party
- Author:
- Adriana Borjas Benavente
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas' participation in the 1988 presidential election gave rise to the creation of a charisma that allowed him to found the Democratic Revolutionary Party. This founding was based on charismatic authority. On the other hand, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the current governor of the Federal District, acceded to the national political scene with a spontaneous leadership supported, but not designated, by Cárdenas. This type of leadership, in addition to several tactics, has situated him in a privileged position in comparison with other political actors also running for president. It is the purpose of this text to analyze López Obrador's leadership and political strategies based on the theoretical contributions of Max Weber and Jay Haley. Furthermore, this paper aims to build on the research that is empirically developed in her book, Partido de la Revolución Democrática. Estructura, organización interna y desempeño público, 1989-2003, as well as ato contribute to ongoing theoretical debates in the social sciences.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Government, and Politics
20. Ethics and Politics in the Democratic Society
- Author:
- María de los Ángeles Yannuzzi
- Publication Date:
- 06-2005
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- CONfines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política
- Abstract:
- In this article I argue that the relationship between ethics and politics in modern democracy is tense and dangerous. In particular, it is dangerous because ethics introduces a strong moral relativism. Moreover, in complex societies this connection cannot be sustained in the field of politics. That is, when power enters the ethical dimension it distorts it because the discourse of ethics becomes a way of justifying power. It is this interweaving that causes constant tension between ethics and politics such that there is never a satisfactory resolution. Therefore, I purport that only the implementation of an argumentative logic that starts with the recognition of the precariousness and ambivalence of the relation between ethics and politics can serve as a protection against those distortions. Without this approach there is risk that the spaces of liberty will be limited by the power of the state in the name of ethics.
- Topic:
- Development, Government, Human Rights, and Politics
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