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1. Pakistan Security Report 2024: An Abridged Version

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
01-2025
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
Marking a 70% increase from the previous year, Pakistan experienced a total of 521 terrorist attacks in 2024. This intensified wave of terrorism claimed 852 lives, reflecting a 23% rise compared to the terrorism-related fatalities recorded the year before. Another 1,092 people were injured in these attacks recorded during the year. Although terrorist attacks were recorded in all four provinces and the federal capital in 2024, over 95% of them were concentrated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. In 2024, a significant increase in militant fatalities was observed during operational strikes conducted by security forces in Pakistan. Compared to 373 militants killed in such operations in 2023, the number rose to 621 in 2024, marking a rise of over 66%. Overall, security forces and law enforcement agencies carried out 158 anti-militant operations in 2024, which was a 22% increase from the previous year. These are some of the key findings from Pakistan Security Report 2024, prepared and released by Pak Institute for Peace Studies.
Topic:
Security, Terrorism, Law Enforcement, and Counter-terrorism
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

2. Pakistan’s Evolving Militant Landscape: State Responses and Policy options

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS), Muhammad Amir Rana, and Safdar Sial
Publication Date:
05-2024
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
At a time when a major shift is happening in the militant landscape of the country and a political transition is taking place, it is imperative to reevaluate the evolving positions and strategies of not only the militant groups but also the newly formed governments. Against this backdrop, this report seeks to delve into the emerging dynamics of Pakistan's militant landscape and security besides analysing state capacities and responses, along with potential policy shifts post-transition. While much of the research and analyses in Pakistan since Taliban takeover of Kabul has predominantly focused on aspects such as the Taliban regime's governance, Pak-Afghan bilateral affairs, and regional geopolitics, there remains a glaring absence of credible and comprehensive investigations into the broader repercussions of the evolving Afghan scenario on Pakistan's security landscape. Despite periodic headlines on the Pakistani government's negotiations with the proscribed TTP, there has been a dearth of empirical research exploring the overall fallout of Afghanistan's changing dynamics on Pakistan's security. In light of this context, PIPS undertook a firsthand, empirical investigation into the expanding terrorism landscape in the country, scrutinizing the formation of new alliances and networks among terrorist groups, mapping the geographical spread of insecurity and violence, and assessing their ramifications for both domestic and regional security paradigms, among other things. The insights gleaned from this investigation were subsequently utilized to formulate context-specific policy recommendations on how to manage or prevent the negative fallout from evolving Afghanistan situation on Pakistan and the region.
Topic:
Security, Terrorism, Non State Actors, Minorities, and Regional Security
Political Geography:
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and South Asia

3. Pakistan Security Report 2023

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
01-2024
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
As the incidence of terrorist violence marked an upsurge of 17 percent in Pakistan in 2023, Pakistan's response and focus were no match to the mounting challenge of terrorism and militancy. The country's negotiation bid with the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and dwindling political focus on countering terrorism due to persisting political and economic crises emboldened the banned TTP and others to regroup and escalate terrorist violence in Pakistan. The key actors of terrorist violence were also more pronounced in the year 2023; over 82 percent of the terrorism-related deaths resulted from attacks perpetrated by three major groups including the TTP [and its subsidiaries such as Tehrik-e-Jihad Pakistan], Islamic State Khorasan (IS-K), and the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA). These three groups carried out over 78 percent of the total terrorist attacks recorded in the country in the year under review. These findings were revealed in Pak Institute for Peace Studies' Pakistan Security Report for 2023, which was released on 4 January 2024. The report includes the comprehensive data on violent incidents including terrorist attacks, comparative analysis of various security variables, the changing targets and tactics of militants and nature of state responses, as well as policy recommendations.
Topic:
Security, Terrorism, Violence, Economic Crisis, and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

4. Pakistan Security Report 2022

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
02-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
In 2022, the number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan marked an increase of 27 percent from the previous year. The number of terrorist attacks in the country also continued to rise for the second consecutive year. A total of 262 terrorist attacks in Pakistan in the year – including 14 suicide bombings –claimed in all 419 lives and injured another 734 people. A 25 percent increase has been recorded in fatalities in the outgoing year as compared with 2021. Pak Institute for Peace Studies revealed these statistics in its annual “Pakistan Security Report 2022”. The report further noted that the proscribed Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) was becoming a major irritant in Islamabad’s relations with the Taliban government in Kabul as the militant group remained one of the major actors of violence in Pakistan in the year 2022. Other critical actors of violence in 2022 were Islamic State-Khorasan (IS-K) and Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA). Over 60 percent of total terrorist attacks recorded in Pakistan in the year were perpetrated by these three militant groups. Similarly, about 95 percent of the total recorded terrorist attacks in Pakistan in 2022 concentrated in in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces.
Topic:
Security, Terrorism, Military Strategy, Governance, and Counter-terrorism
Political Geography:
Pakistan and Asia

5. Towards a shared voice and destiny

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
06-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
Hate speech is a major cause of the persecution of religious minorities in Pakistan. Efforts to counter hate speech and promote tolerance are crucial for safeguarding the rights of minorities in Pakistan. It requires a comprehensive approach that includes legal measures, public awareness campaigns, education on diversity and respect, and fostering interfaith dialogue to promote understanding and peaceful coexistence among different communities
Topic:
Religion, Minorities, Hate Speech, Tolerance, and Coexistence
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

6. Tackling the Epidemic of Anti-Ahmadi Hate Speech on Social Media

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
10-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
This social media revolution has transformed the way information is disseminated and consumed by mass of people. The social media influences public opinion and shapes political discourse. In Pakistan, while social media has empowered the voiceless by giving them platforms to express their viewpoints, it has also exposed the serious social and political challenges. The impact of social media goes beyond the virtual platforms and affects events in real life. Over the years, social media in Pakistan has become a conduit for spreading religious hatred and intolerance, adversely affecting the already fragile social fabric in the country. Contents targeting religious minorities particularly the Ahmadi community have proliferated, often resulting in physical harassment and violence. This trend not only undermines the values of religious freedom but also endangers the safety and security of religious minorities. Likewise, the historical Shia-Sunni differences have found a new battleground on social media. Platforms are often used to disseminate sectarian hate speech that only exacerbates the tension and sometimes incites violence. The religious and sectarian polarizations are manifested in various forms including misinformation, hostile rhetoric, and virtual confrontations between followers of different faiths and sects. Unfortunately, the extremist ideologies and narratives pushed on social media platforms often lack accountability and contribute to a climate of fear and discrimination against minorities. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that involves various stakeholders including government bodies like PTA etc., civil society organizations, and social media platforms. This policy brief aims to outline a cohesive strategy that acknowledges the complexity of these issues and proposes effective solutions. The goal is to leverage the positive potential of social media while mitigating its negative impacts to ensure the protection of minority rights.
Topic:
Human Rights, Minorities, Social Media, Hate Speech, Misinformation, and Polarization
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

7. Afghan Peace and Reconciliation: Pakistan's Interests and Policy Options 9

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
10-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
There is a complete political deadlock and the leaderships in Afghanistan and Pakistan apparently also do not seem very much interested in getting out of it. At the same time, no one appears convinced to recognize the Taliban’s de facto government including Pakistan. The biggest bilateral problem, which concerns Pakistan the most, is the banned TTP and its cross-border terrorist attacks inside Pakistan. Pakistan’s current stance is that it will not talk to the TTP, but to the Afghan government; the country lays the responsibility of checking the TTP incursions on the Afghan Taliban. However, the Taliban see the TTP as Pakistan’s internal issue, which not only adds to Pakistan’s frustration but also emboldens the militant group, which has already increased its terrorist attacks in Pakistan manifold. These are some of the findings of the PIPS-led 9th consultation on Afghan peace and reconciliation held on August 10, 2023 in Islamabad.
Topic:
Security, Terrorism, Bilateral Relations, Taliban, and Reconciliation
Political Geography:
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and South Asia

8. Charter of Peace

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
06-2023
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
This report entails details on and endorsements by political, religious leaders, civil society, and others of the Charter of Peace developed by PIPS. The Charter of Peace includes recommendations on bringing sustainable peace in Pakistan. It is built on a positive concept of peace with a vital role of softer approaches. It mentions all key drivers of violence and extremism in the country be it weak democratic structure, socioeconomic inequality, gender discrimination, unavailability of economic opportunities, and others. The need for adopting and endorsing the documents like the Charter of Peace has only grown more urgent with the Taliban regaining power in Afghanistan and a clear uptick in security-related incidents in Pakistan in recent months. The Charter of Peace has been built in light of the Charter of United Nation and other global and regional peace initiatives endorsed by Pakistan. It can be adopted as a comprehensive policy document that guides Pakistani policymakers on key changes and main focus areas to connect Pakistan's efforts for peace with the established global norms and policies.
Topic:
Violent Extremism, Leadership, Peace, and Peacebuilding
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

9. Tackling the Epidemic of Anti-Ahmadi Hate Speech on Social Media

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
10-2023
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
This social media revolution has transformed the way information is disseminated and consumed by mass of people. The social media influences public opinion and shapes political discourse. In Pakistan, while social media has empowered the voiceless by giving them platforms to express their viewpoints, it has also exposed the serious social and political challenges. The impact of social media goes beyond the virtual platforms and affects events in real life. Over the years, social media in Pakistan has become a conduit for spreading religious hatred and intolerance, adversely affecting the already fragile social fabric in the country. Contents targeting religious minorities particularly the Ahmadi community have proliferated, often resulting in physical harassment and violence. This trend not only undermines the values of religious freedom but also endangers the safety and security of religious minorities. Likewise, the historical Shia-Sunni differences have found a new battleground on social media. Platforms are often used to disseminate sectarian hate speech that only exacerbates the tension and sometimes incites violence. The religious and sectarian polarizations are manifested in various forms including misinformation, hostile rhetoric, and virtual confrontations between followers of different faiths and sects. Unfortunately, the extremist ideologies and narratives pushed on social media platforms often lack accountability and contribute to a climate of fear and discrimination against minorities. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that involves various stakeholders including government bodies like PTA etc., civil society organizations, and social media platforms. This policy brief aims to outline a cohesive strategy that acknowledges the complexity of these issues and proposes effective solutions. The goal is to leverage the positive potential of social media while mitigating its negative impacts to ensure the protection of minority rights.
Topic:
Religion, Sectarianism, Minorities, Social Media, Hate Speech, and Ahmadiyya
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia

10. Secure and Inclusive Pakistan: A policy framework of secure and cohesive Pakistan

Author:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Publication Date:
11-2017
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
Abstract:
The road to a secure Pakistan lays in upholding its diversity. To counter against extremist violence, ensure that the “diversity within” acknowledges inclusion in all aspects of lives. With this benchmark in all policies, the space to militants will be greatly reduced. Extremist wave has gravely threatened Pakistan’s diversity. Non-Muslims and even Muslims of varied sects have not only been attacked by militants from distant parts of the country, but have also been forced into silence by the beliefs of those around them. Eliminating extremism, therefore, requires efforts at developing a holistic counter-violent extremism (CVE) strategy, covering multiple fronts. That strategy should operate not only in the physical domain, but also intellectual, by annulling extremists’ dogmas. Fighting militants on the ground or in the field is as important as fighting them through strategies that don’t necessarily pick up fight, one of them being condition-based rehabilitation or reintegration of (repentant and ready-to-quit-violence) militants. Similarly, besides ridding madrassas of their sectarian biases, CVE strategy should also prioritize educating young boys and girls with tolerant messages and sensitizing their teachers. Local cultures should be appreciated, but not at the cost of rights and lives of women. All such measures will achieve pluralistic co-existence.
Topic:
Islam, Women, Diversity, Inclusion, and Countering Violent Extremism
Political Geography:
Pakistan and South Asia