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42. Dueling with Uncertainty: The New Logic of American Military Planning
- Author:
- Carl Conetta and Charles Knight
- Publication Date:
- 02-1998
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Examines how the new planning concepts and methods adopted by the Pentagon since 1992 have led to military requirements disproportionate to real threats and have supported overweening ambitions for the application of military power. A version appeared in the March/April 1998 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists as “Inventing Threats.”
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Defense Policy, and Military Affairs
- Political Geography:
- United States of America
43. America's New Deal with Europe: NATO Primacy and Double Expansion
- Author:
- Carl Conetta
- Publication Date:
- 10-1997
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Including analysis relevant to the 2022 Ukraine crisis, this article addresses NATO expansion, burdensharing, the Balkans crisis, and relations with Russia and Germany. The American debate and public opinion regarding NATO enlargement is reviewed as well.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, NATO, Conflict, and Regional Power
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Ukraine, Germany, Balkans, North America, and United States of America
44. The Development of America’s post-Cold War Military Posture: A Critical Appraisal
- Author:
- Carl Conetta
- Publication Date:
- 11-1996
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- This article outlines the factors influencing and distorting military planning (with special attention to the 1992-1996 period.) In the early years of the post-Cold War era, the US defense establishment set out to formulate a new military posture. This was supposed to reflect the new strategic environment and pursue the opportunities afforded by advances in information technology. The result, however, was a “new” posture closely resembling the old, writ somewhat smaller. It was to be progressively bolstered by cutting-edge technology inputs. However, while remarkably expensive, these inputs would only partially fulfill their promise, while exhibiting varying degrees of reliability and sustainability. Soon the USA would be spending as much and more inflation-adjusted dollars on its armed forces as during the Cold War. Also driving requirements and budgets upward would be the adoption of new strategic goals, roles, and missions exceeding those of the Cold War period. Over subsequent decades, the tension between purported military requirements and resources constraints would grow acute, while the armed forces found themselves over-extended worldwide and mired in seemingly endless wars, despite their presumed (and costly) advantages. How did US defense policy come to this point? The Development of America’s post-Cold War Military Posture shows how dysfunctional planning assumptions and processes can easily lead to dysfunctional policy.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Cold War, Science and Technology, and Military Affairs
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
45. Vital Force: A Proposal for the Overhaul of the UN Peace Operations System and for the Creation of a UN Legion
- Author:
- Carl Conetta and Charles Knight
- Publication Date:
- 10-1995
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Reviews the problems of contemporary peace operations, recent reform proposals, and the requirements for successful operations. Includes a detailed proposal for enhancing and reorganizing the capacities of the UN to support and direct peace operations and for establishing a UN legion of three brigades.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, United Nations, Peacekeeping, Reform, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
46. Defensive Military Structures in Action: Historical Examples
- Author:
- Carl Conetta, Charles Knight, and Lutz Unterseher
- Publication Date:
- 05-1994
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Examines three major cases in the last 80 years where defensive preparations, structures, and tactics were of decisive importance in major military operations. Originally published in Confidence-Building Defense: A Comprehensive Approach to Security & Stability in the New Era, Study Group on Alternative Security Policy and Project on Defense Alternatives, 1994.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Cold War, Armed Forces, Military Affairs, and History
- Political Geography:
- Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic, and Belarus
47. Confidence-Building Defense: a comprehensive approach to security and stability in the new era
- Author:
- Carl Conetta and Lutz Unterseher
- Publication Date:
- 05-1994
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Originally, this primer was written and then published in spiral-bound book format for a series of seminars sponsored by the Study Group on Alternative Security Policy (SAS) and the Project on Defense Alternatives (PDA). These seminars were held in 1994 in several of the newly sovereign states of Europe: the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Belarus. The primer remains one of the most comprehensive presentations of the concepts of Confidence-Building Defense including details of their application to the structuring and operations of national armed forces. It totals 116 pages with 94 charts and tables. Although some details of arms and tactics change over time, the fundamentals remain relevant to present-day international security and military planning. Unfortunately, in 1994 no suitable seminar host was found in Ukraine. Although not a panacea, confidence-building defenses could improve Ukraine’s defenses and national morale in the present crisis.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Armed Forces, and Strategic Stability
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Belarus
48. Air Power Promises and Modernization Trends after Operation Desert Storm
- Author:
- Kathy Bloomgarden and Carl Conetta
- Publication Date:
- 12-1994
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- This article first appeared in 1994 in a slightly edited form in Hawk Journal, the annual publication of the Royal Air Force Staff College. The expectation of an airpower revolution began in earnest soon after victory in the first US-Iraq Gulf War, 1990-1991. Drawing extensively on official and outside expert assessment of airpower in “Operation Desert Storm,” this article critically reviews the evidence for an airpower revolution while summarizing a range of contemporary opinions on the issue. Specifically, the article examines three claims advanced by airpower enthusiasts at the dawn of the post-Cold War period: that the Gulf War experience suggests greatly expanded options for limited-aims “raiding missions,” strategic bombing campaigns, and airpower dominance over the ground battle (using improved battlefield interdiction and close air support.) Included are summaries of the extensive Gulf War Air Power Survey and other surveys of the war which provide an unsurpassed view of the war’s dynamics. It also examines the technologies, contemporary and in development, central to the putative airpower revolution.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Conflict, Gulf War, and Air Force
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Middle East, and United States of America
49. Toward Defensive Restructuring in the Middle East
- Author:
- Carl Conetta, Charles Knight, and Lutz Unterseher
- Publication Date:
- 02-1991
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- Examines the character of force structure and military conflict in the Middle East and outlines a nonoffensive defense posture for nations in the region. It also draws the implications of such a posture for arms transfers and arms control policy. An appendix reviews the pertinent lessons of the 1990-91 Gulf War.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, Military Affairs, Conflict, and Gulf War
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and United States of America