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161. The Republic of Korea’s Perspective on Defense Transparency

Author:
Beomchul Shin
Publication Date:
10-2011
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
Abstract:
The Republic of Korea has greatly enhanced defense transparency both domestically and internationally since the end of the 1990s, using a mix of strategies. However, the efforts of the current administration to enhance defense transparency at the international level do not match efforts at home. Some experts believe that the ROK is already on par with other nations and that its neighbors should reciprocate by shedding more light on their own defense policies and practices.
Topic:
Defense Policy, Geopolitics, Domestic Politics, and Transparency
Political Geography:
Asia, South Korea, and Korea

162. Harnessing the European Experience in Defense Transparency

Author:
Christian Le-Miere
Publication Date:
10-2011
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
Abstract:
Europe has pioneered and championed the cause of defense transparency, owing to the continent’s turbulent history and a desire to avoid these mistakes again. Defense transparency has improved in Europe as a result of the roles played by private industry and media, as well as the consequences of conflict or collaboration between the governments on the continent. The conditions that have encouraged greater transparency in Europe are not entirely reflected in Asia, but steps are being taken to gradually improve defense transparency in the region.
Topic:
Defense Policy, History, Media, Transparency, and Private Sector
Political Geography:
Europe and Asia

163. A Civilian Perspective on Defense Transparency in the Republic of Korea: The More, the Better?

Author:
Kang Choi
Publication Date:
10-2011
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
Abstract:
In a change from the past, the government of the Republic of Korea now emphasizes communication with domestic as well as external audiences. However, practices during past military authoritarian regimes have left a lasting, negative impression on the public. As a result, the government still suffers from a credibility gap, making it difficult to gain support at home for its defense policies. The government may need to rethink the methods and content of its communications on defense in the face of continued demands for more detailed and timely information.
Topic:
Defense Policy, Government, Public Opinion, Civilians, and Transparency
Political Geography:
Asia and South Korea

164. Measuring Transparency in Military Expenditure: The Case of China

Author:
Sam Perlo-Freeman
Publication Date:
10-2011
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
Abstract:
This policy brief discusses the key dimensions of military expenditure transparency and assesses them in relation to China. While spending transparency relates most obviously to the availability, reliability, detail, and comprehensiveness of information, it cannot be completely separated from broader defense policy formation issues. China has a robust framework for developing, implementing, and monitoring defense policy, budgeting, and expenditure, and producing readily-accessible budget and expenditure data in English and Chinese; however, these processes are largely carried out behind closed doors.
Topic:
Defense Policy, Military Affairs, Budget, Military Spending, and Transparency
Political Geography:
China and Asia

165. Democracy, Markets & Transparency 2009

Author:
Gabriel C. Salvia and Hernán Alberro
Publication Date:
01-2010
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Center for the Opening and Development of Latin America (CADAL)
Abstract:
Leaders of development - The analysis of the cases of New Zealand and Denmark, heading the ranking for third consecutive year, indicates that there are powerful theoretical reasons to think that open economies, liberal democratic regimes and transparent public sectors go together.
Topic:
Development, Markets, Democracy, Economy, and Transparency
Political Geography:
Denmark, New Zealand, and Oceania

166. Informe Económico Fiscal 2009

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
12-2009
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
Los Informes Económicos Fiscales son preparados en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El proyecto tiene por objetivo facilitar la interpretación de los datos e informaciones de las finanzas públicas para alentar la participación ciudadana en el seguimiento de los gastos e ingresos fiscales, poniendo énfasis en la transparencia, eficiencia y equidad fiscal.
Topic:
Budget, Economy, Fiscal Policy, Transparency, and Public Spending
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

167. Informe Económico Fiscal 2008

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
02-2009
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El informe económico fiscal es un material que presenta y analiza la coyuntura de las variables económicas y fiscales más importantes del país. Se da continuidad a la primera edición del material que analizaba dichas variables entre los años 2002 al 2007. Es interesante recordar que el material está dirigido a los ciudadanos y a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para facilitar una comprensión de la situación económica, así como la evolución de los gastos del gobierno. El sector público desarrolla una gran parte de la actividad económica y, a través del gasto y la movilización de recursos, influye en las decisiones de asignación de recursos que realiza el sector privado. La evidencia demuestra que en muchos casos, la ineficiencia de la gestión fiscal ha sido una de las principales causas de problemas tales como: una alta tasa de inflación, un elevado déficit en cuenta corriente y un estancamiento del producto. Es por ello, que el análisis de la política fiscal es fundamental para identificar al déficit como una de las causas de los problemas macroeconómicos. En este contexto, sin profundizar en aspectos de economía normativa, este informe presenta los resultados de la evolución de las finanzas públicas del país, centrando la atención en los datos del año 2008. Tras un breve análisis del entorno macroeconómico, se analizan los aspectos relacionados a la evolución de los ingresos y egresos de la Administración Central con su consiguiente efecto sobre el déficit o superávit fiscal. Luego, se presta atención a la ejecución de los gastos de la Administración Central, teniendo en cuenta las distintas entidades y estamentos que la componen, dando un énfasis especial al gasto o inversión social. Finalmente, se estudian las transferencias de royalties a los gobiernos regionales por parte de la Administración Central. Es necesario mencionar, finalmente, que este material se publica en el ámbito del Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP) iniciativa que busca facilitar a la ciudadanía una mejor interpretación sobre las finanzas públicas en Paraguay. Cabe destacar además, que la iniciativa no hubiese sido posible sin la valiosa contribución de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID).
Topic:
Development, Finance, Economy, Transparency, and Efficiency
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

168. Monitoreo Fiscal 10: Diciembre 2008

Author:
Julio Ramírez
Publication Date:
12-2008
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
Abstract:
El Monitoreo Fiscal es preparado en el marco del proyecto Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP), iniciativa del Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP), con el apoyo de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El proyecto tiene por objetivo facilitar la interpretación de los datos e informaciones de las finanzas públicas para alentar la participación ciudadana en el seguimiento de los gastos e ingresos fiscales, poniendo énfasis en la transparencia, eficiencia y equidad fiscal.
Topic:
Budget, Economy, Fiscal Policy, Transparency, Public Spending, and Monitoring
Political Geography:
South America and Paraguay

169. Good Governance Improving Quality of Life

Author:
Fikret Toksöz
Publication Date:
06-2008
Content Type:
Book
Institution:
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV)
Abstract:
The word ‘governance’ became common currency everywhere including Turkey. This concept which entered our vocabulary with 1996 İstanbul Habitat II Conference, encountered great resistance. Certain people claim it was unnecessary to create a new term such as governance where there is already a corresponding word for that concept, that is government. Etymological reasons are put forward to support these claims. Others claim that ideologically speaking, governance is the imposition of the forces of globalization. It is normal for such new terms to encounter great objections. If, on top of that, the meaning and content of the term is not clearly understood, these objections prove even more resilient. Good governance is a new approach that includes all the principles necessary for the consolidation of democratic management. These principles can be stated as participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness, consistency, fairness and rule of law. Lately, many segments of society including public managers and intellectuals and even political representatives suggested using the principles of governance for solving problems encountered in public administration. Besides them, individuals and civil society organizations try to get information from public authorities and try to hold them accountable. For them, good governance is the ultimate principle that will make these organizations more important actors in social life. Seeing the common usage of good governance, TESEV decided to change the content of the book prepared initially to publicize the results of our project “Good Governance: Improving Quality of Life”. Consequently, there emerged this study which comprises of two books. The first part of the book is made up of three parts. In the first part, the meaning of governance is explained. In the second part, the transition from government to governance in Turkey is depicted. In this section, the modern government is assumed to have emerged with Tanzimat and the passage to governance is explained in two stages. The first stage is the period from Tanzimat to the Republic. In this stage, the formation process of civil society is evaluated as well as the consolidation of public authority. With the same method, the period from the Republic to the present day is also evaluated. At the end of the first book, problem areas related to governance and new developments are mentioned. The second book comprises of the explanation and the results of TESEV’s “Good Governance: Improving Quality of Life” project. The details related to the development of project tools namely “Socio-economic Development Maps, Public Spending Analysis and Social Satisfaction Surveys” are shared. This study was prepared as a manual for local authorities, civil society organizations and citizens interested in the topic with an aim to make the term clearer and to facilitate the debate on the concept. For this reason, the methodology developed for scientific studies were not employed in this book. To facilitate an easy reading of the book, extensive bibliographies and footnotes were evaded. While preparing the book, all the relevant literature in Turkish was surveyed. There are many valuable studies on the historical development pattern. The sources and the internet sites used were mentioned at the end of the book.
Topic:
Governance, Reform, Accountability, Transparency, and Sustainability
Political Geography:
Turkey, Middle East, and Mediterranean

170. Meeting the Challenges of Decentralisation in France

Author:
Stephanie Jamet
Publication Date:
08-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Abstract:
Despite France’s previously well-deserved reputation as a highly centralised state, a significant number of responsibilities have been devolved to regional and local government over the past two decades. The process has not been easy. The extremely large number of very small municipalities makes economies of scale in the implementation of policies hard to realise, and measures to overcome this have been at best only partially successful. Competence is often shared between levels of government, obscuring accountability, and the central government has often retained an arguably unnecessary degree of prerogatives. Reorganising the system to avoid overlapping responsibilities and improving transparency and accountability in local government finance provide some difficult challenges.
Topic:
Accountability, Local, Transparency, and Decentralization
Political Geography:
Europe, France, and Western Europe