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411. Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas: Perspectives and Recommendations for a Long-term Strategy

Author:
Richard J. Anderson
Publication Date:
09-2008
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies
Abstract:
The European Union 27 currently rely on Russia for almost 38% of their imported natural gas; this dependency will become significantly greater if European states implement their currently formulated energy policies. With plans to phase out nuclear power in several European countries, the EU goal to reduce coal consumption thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of domestic sources of gas, reliance on Russia will rise to 50 to 60% of all gas imports within the next two decades if different energy policies are not adopted. The EU and greater Europe will soon find themselves in an extremely dangerous position due to the everincreasing dependence on Russian natural gas. These countries must work together now to produce a coherent diversification strategy.
Topic:
International Trade and Finance and Natural Resources
Political Geography:
Russia, Europe, and Asia

412. Promoting Revenue Transparency: 2008 Report on Revenue Transparency of Oil and Gas Companies

Publication Date:
04-2008
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Transparency International
Abstract:
In this report, Transparency International (TI) evaluates 42 leading oil and gas companies on their current policies, management systems and performance in areas relevant to revenue transparency in their upstream operations. Revenue transparency in this report includes three areas of corporate action where disclosure can contribute to improved accountability in the management of extractive revenues: payments to host governments, operations and corporate anti-corruption programmes. The companies are evaluated in a total of 21 countries of operation. This report is a featured product of TI's Promoting Revenue Transparency Project and attempts to characterise current levels of company revenue transparency, to point to best practices, and to suggest areas for improvement.
Topic:
Corruption, International Trade and Finance, International Affairs, Natural Resources, and Governance

413. Managing Protracted and Deep Rooted Conflicts in the U.S. Senate

Author:
Richard A. Cocozza
Publication Date:
12-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University
Abstract:
This working paper discusses actions by the U.S.Congress (primarily the U.S.Senate) to manage protracted and deep rooted conflicts in the process of making laws – current problems in managing conflicts, the traditional system for managing conflicts, the relevance of a contemporary conflict analysis and resolution approach to conflict management in the Congress, the effectiveness of the Senate in addressing conflict in five case studies, and strategies for strengthening the current approach.
Topic:
Conflict Resolution, Environment, Natural Resources, and Governance
Political Geography:
United States

414. Prioritizing America's Water Resources Investments: Budget Reform for Civil Works Construction Projects at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Publication Date:
02-2007
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
The National Academy of Public Administration
Abstract:
The nation's vast water resources are critical to its economic strength and to the well-being of all Americans. Our rivers and their surrounding ecosystems hold tremendous value as sources of recreation, wildlife, channels of commerce, hydropower, flood control and aesthetic pleasure. But, human activity has the potential to both enhance and diminish this value. The nation must use effective adaptive management strategies to protect these national treasures and at the same time use them to help meet the challenges of the 21st Century. These challenges include globalization, fierce competitive pressures, a compromised environment and a continually growing and shifting population.
Topic:
Economics, Environment, Natural Disasters, Natural Resources, and Water
Political Geography:
United States and America