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2. Searching for a Place in Global IR Through Exceptionalism: Turkey and the Mediation for Peace Initiative
- Author:
- Radiye Funda Karadeniz and Gonca Oğuz Gök
- Publication Date:
- 07-2024
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
- Institution:
- Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
- Abstract:
- This study is an attempt to rethink exceptionalism both in Turkish Foreign Policy and in Global IR. It critically engages with Turkey’s contribution to the Global IR debate within the discourse of exceptionalism in Turkish foreign policy over its role in the Mediation for Peace Initiative (MPI). Following Nymalm and Plagemann (2019), we rethink exceptionalism used in Global IR, critically analyzing Turkey’s role in the MPI within the framework of internationalist exceptionalism. In doing so, we aim to unbox exceptionalism in Global IR and understand how some exceptional foreign policy discourses of non-Western states may contribute to the interconnectedness between regional worlds, as well as the circulation of ideas and norms between the global and local levels.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Peace, Mediation, and Exceptionalism
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Middle East
3. Building bridges for nonviolent change: Women as insider mediators during the October 2019 protests in Iraq
- Author:
- Ilham Makki Hammadi
- Publication Date:
- 09-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Berghof Foundation
- Abstract:
- The October 2019 protests in Iraq were notable for their scale, spontaneity, and widespread participation, particularly by young people and women. This report documents the roles of Iraqi women as insider mediators within the movement, highlighting their efforts to maintain peace and build trust among protesters, police, and other stakeholders. Based on interviews with activists across five governorates, the report also examines the gender dynamics and challenges these women faced in mediation, offering insights into their capacity-building needs.
- Topic:
- Women, Protests, Mediation, and Nonviolence
- Political Geography:
- Iraq and Middle East
4. Building bridges for non-violent change: Women as insider mediators in Thailandʼs 2020–2022 pro-democracy movements
- Author:
- Bencharat Sae Chua and Duanghathai Buranajaroenkij
- Publication Date:
- 09-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Berghof Foundation
- Abstract:
- The youth-led pro-democracy protests in Thailand from 2020-2022 represented a major turning point in the country’s political landscape. Women played prominent roles, demonstrating resilience and leadership throughout the movement. This research report focuses on women’s roles as insider mediators in resolving conflicts between protesters and authorities, examining the gender dynamics at play. It also explores strategies to support women in sustaining their mediation roles, providing recommendations for enhancing their capacities and effectiveness.
- Topic:
- Social Movement, Women, Democracy, Leadership, Protests, and Mediation
- Political Geography:
- Thailand and Southeast Asia
5. Building bridges for non-violent change: Women as insider mediators within the pro-democracy movement in Venezuela
- Author:
- Isabella Picón Ball
- Publication Date:
- 10-2024
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Berghof Foundation
- Abstract:
- As the social, humanitarian and political crises become more acute in Venezuela, social actors who were previously marginalised have acquired more prominent roles within the pro-democracy movement– among them, women. Moreover, for the first time in its history, the Venezuelan opposition has a woman –María Corina Machado – as its main leader. This study stems from the need to understand the strengthened roles of civil society and women in these negotiations and explores the roles of women as insider mediators within the Venezuelan pro-democracy movement.
- Topic:
- Civil Society, Social Movement, Women, Democracy, Mediation, and Nonviolence
- Political Geography:
- South America and Venezuela
6. Building peace from the inside phase II: Supporting insider mediation for the sustainable transformation of conflict
- Author:
- Marine Jacob, Claudia Maffettone, Stephanie Sarta, Nura Detweiler, and Victoria Cochrane
- Publication Date:
- 10-2024
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Berghof Foundation
- Abstract:
- The objective of these short policy briefs is to inform national, regional and international institutions on key topics related to insider mediation and to inform the development of more holistic and supportive policies for insider mediators. While women still face cultural, logistical and security barriers in their participation in local mediations, they are able to play critical and unique roles in mediating family, land, socio-economic, and environmental conflicts, contributing to a high success rate of mediation agreements. The value of building and supporting (informal) networks of insider mediators is key in environments that do not always welcome the contributions of civil society and where more flexible and nimble networks can act as early warning and response mechanisms, raising the chances to achieve sustainable and transformative peace.
- Topic:
- Women, Mediation, Post-Conflict, and Peacebuilding
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Time to change track Assessing the UN’s conflict mediation strategy for Syria from 2019 to 2023
- Author:
- Malik al-Abdeh and Lars Hauch
- Publication Date:
- 07-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations
- Abstract:
- The United Nations (UN) has become largely irrelevant to diplomatic efforts to resolve the Syria conflict. This report shows that the primary reason has been the fact that the main conflict parties never wanted to resolve the Syrian conflict by other than military means. Yet, the report also highlights secondary reasons within this unfavourable context, namely: the frames, methods and choices of the UN Special Envoy and his team at times misjudged or poorly corresponded with the realities of the conflict. Moreover, the capacity of the Office of the Special Envoy (OSE) remained too limited. The report suggests that the time is ripe for the OSE to reinvent itself as a principled thought leader and to develop an operational framework that brings a safe, calm and neutral environment (SCNE) closer as a practical conflict management modality.
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, United Nations, Syrian War, and Mediation
- Political Geography:
- Middle East and Syria
8. Can Israel mediate an end to the Ukraine war?
- Author:
- Efraim Inbar
- Publication Date:
- 01-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)
- Abstract:
- Israel is well positioned to again become a go-between between Russia and Ukraine, an effort that could further elevate its international status
- Topic:
- Diplomacy, Conflict, Peace, and Mediation
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Ukraine, and Israel
9. South Caucasus at the Crossroad of Peace and War
- Author:
- Farid Shafiyev
- Publication Date:
- 06-2023
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Caucasus Strategic Perspectives
- Institution:
- Center of Analysis of International Relations (AIR Center)
- Abstract:
- The current issue of the Caucasus Strategic Perspectives (CSP) journal entitled “South Caucasus at the Crossroad of Peace and War” is dedicated to the different mediation activities between Armenia and Azerbaijan, Armenia’s internationally wrongful acts and foreign policy, Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process, as well as the news initiatives in the South Caucasus region. The CSP’s new issue includes 7 articles. The CSP’s current authors analysed the EU’s and the US’s mediator roles to reconcile Armenia and Azerbaijan, Armenia’s international responsibility in relation to the formerly occupied territories of Azerbaijan, Russia-Armenia relations, the perspective of the Middle Corridor, and Iran-Armenia relations and its implications for Azerbaijan, etc.
- Topic:
- Nationalism, Territorial Disputes, European Union, Mediation, Peacebuilding, Regional Security, Russia-Ukraine War, and Ecocide
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, South Caucasus, and United States of America
10. De-colonising the Azerbaijan-Armenian Conflict: Breaking the Knot of Security and Dependence
- Author:
- Leila Alieva
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Istituto Affari Internazionali
- Abstract:
- The recent military operation in the Nagorno Karabakh area reflects a broader regional transformation. Its essence is in the second attempt (with the first one in Azerbaijan 30 years ago) of changing the security paradigm, this time in Armenia, leading to de-colonisation of relations in the region. The core of this change is liberation from the dependence on Russia’s almost two centuries old patronage, with Nagorno Karabakh conflict evolving as a tool of this dependence. With all the contradictions over the territory between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and difference in current political systems, the countries seem at last to arrive to the same conclusion of Russia and her control of the Karabakh elite being one of the obstacles to the peaceful relations, reforms and integration in the West. The power balance in the region, affected by such factors as Turkey’s greater involvement, distraction of the West, Russia’s increasing isolation, besides power change in Armenia, has also contributed to the “window of opportunity” for a change of paradigms. The role and influence of the EU and the US in this process, including in deterring potential military developments, will be dependent on the perception of them by the parties as non-partisan brokers, promotion of relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan as independent subjects of international relations and consistency in support of democracy.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Security, Territorial Disputes, Conflict, Mediation, and Interdependence
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh