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1492. Emerging Scholars
- Author:
- Melissa Conley Tyler
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Australian Institute of International Affairs
- Abstract:
- The Australian Institute of International Affairs (AIIA) was established in 1924 to promote public understanding and interest in international affairs. The AIIA works actively to engage young people in its work including through young professionals’ networks, careers fairs, schools events, internships, mentoring and the Young Diplomats Program
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Australia
1493. Turkey’s Mediation and Friends of Mediation Initiative
- Author:
- Bülent Aras
- Publication Date:
- 12-2012
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Abstract:
- This brief critically examines a new area of activism in Turkey’s foreign policy agenda: Turkey’s rise as a mediator in regional and international crises zones. It contextualizes Turkey’s reliance on a multitude of actors to support its mediation initiatives, most notably its vibrant civil society and NGOs, as a successful case of total performance, a principle forming Turkey’s new foreign policy doctrine. The brief then outlines the broad frameworks and characteristics of Turkey’s approach to mediation, as laid out by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmet Davutoğlu. The brief takes a closer look at the case of Turkey’s involvement in the attempt to seek resolution in the Afghanistan conflict and it illustrates a good example of Turkey’s new style in mediation. The brief concludes with a discussion of the Friends of Mediation Initiative, launched under the UN framework through joint Turkish-Finnish initiative.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Turkey
1494. Turkey’s New Horizon: Turks Abroad and Related Communities
- Author:
- Kemal Yurtnaç
- Publication Date:
- 10-2012
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Abstract:
- Across the world, there are many countries that have established institutions to serve and engage with their citizens and kin living abroad. Such institutions are called Diaspora Ministry/ Department in some cases, while in others they operate as independent units under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late 1990s paved the way for the birth of a set of new countries that have their nationals or ethnic kin beyond their borders, and consequently increased the need to establish such institutions. The ensuing process of globalization facilitated countries in their efforts to establish closer ties with their citizens and kin communities. Today many countries work to strengthen their public diplomacy efforts, or “soft power,” and expand their sphere of influence through their diasporas.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Turkey
1495. The Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo - A Major Generator of Instability in the Region
- Author:
- Petyo Valkov
- Publication Date:
- 09-2012
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Institute for Security and International Studies (ISIS)
- Abstract:
- In March 2007, after seven years of Kosovo being a United Nations protectorate, the UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari proposed independence. The United States supported this proposal but Russia categorically did not, nor, of course, did Serbia. The United States proposed a three-part plan to stabilize an independent Kosovo. First, all high government posts would be distributed based on religion and ethnicity, second, a new Constitution must specifically safeguard the rights of the Serbian minority and, third, a substantial peacekeeping force must be in place to protect the Serbs and the minorities. Notwithstanding the seven years of the UN protectorate, hundreds of Orthodox Christian churches have been destroyed and thousands of Serbs have left Kosovo. For example, before the UN took over there were 40,000 Serbs living in Priština compared with about a hundred today. In 1971 Kosovo was 75% Muslim compared to at least 92% today
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Political and institutional effectiveness
- Political Geography:
- Kosovo and Serbia
1496. Maritime Security East of Suez Sustaining the U.S. Role as the Key Policeman in Times of Change
- Author:
- Geoffrey Kemp
- Publication Date:
- 01-2012
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for the National Interest
- Abstract:
- At the height of America’s postwar power, in the 1960s and 1970s, the U.S. Seventh Fleet was able to sustain an unchallenged presence “East of Suez” to embrace the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, the Indonesian Straits, and the South and East China Seas as well as the Western Pacific. Today the U.S. remains the dominant maritime power in this vast area, especially in the region to the west of the Straits of Malacca. However, in the region closer to China, the growing power projection and sea denial capabilities of China’s military raises questions about the future ability of the United States to operate with immunity in an area China increasingly believes is part of its own patrimony. Although the United States has many allies in the region, especially Singapore, Australia, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and increasingly Vietnam, the trends in military spending and force deployments suggest the U.S. will have to increasingly rely on cooperation with allies if there is to be a balance against China’s maritime aspirations. The downside of this is that the U.S. must avoid being drawn into the many bilateral disputes between China and its neighbors and must try to play a conciliatory role rather than taking sides. This will inevitably mean that the U.S. will have to play a different role from the one it became accustomed to during its days as the undisputed hegemon. The U.S. will still remain the key policeman in the Indian Ocean and Gulf regions, but will have to adapt to a different role in parts of the Western Pacific and southeast Asian waters.
- Topic:
- International Security and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1497. Extended Deterrence and Security in East Asia.
- Author:
- Paul Saunders
- Publication Date:
- 01-2012
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for the National Interest
- Abstract:
- Following the North Korean sinking of the South Korean frigate Cheonan, and North Korea’s subsequent shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, the Center for the National Interest proposed a U.S.-Japan-South Korea dialogue on extended deterrence in East Asia to assess whether and how the three countries could work together to strengthen stability in a region of vital importance to America’s security and prosperity—and, of course, to the security and prosperity of its close allies. Shortly before the project began, the collision of a Chinese fishing vessel with a Japanese coast guard ship near the Senkaku Islands led to a significant political confrontation between Tokyo and Beijing
- Topic:
- International Security and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
1498. The World Bank and the Emerging World Order Adjusting to multipolarity at the second decimal point
- Author:
- Jakob Vestergaard
- Publication Date:
- 04-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The voice reform process originated in the Monterrey Consensus, which was articulated at the United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development held in Monterrey on 22 March 2002. For several years after the Monterrey Consensus, progress in deliberations on voice reform in the governing bodies of the World Bank was modest. But the global economic crisis raised the urgency of reforming the Bretton Woods institutions in the eyes of most countries and the creation of a G20 Leaders Forum gave further impetus to the voice reform process.
- Topic:
- Economics, Globalization, International Cooperation, International Affairs, and World Bank
- Political Geography:
- United Nations
1499. North Korea and the Politics of Visual Representation
- Author:
- Dirk Nabers and David Shim
- Publication Date:
- 04-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- German Institute of Global and Area Studies
- Abstract:
- Within international discourses on security, North Korea is often associated with risk and danger, emanating paradoxically from what can be called its strengths—particularly military strength, as embodied by its missile and nuclear programs—and its weaknesses—such as its ever-present political, economic, and food crises—which are considered to be imminent threats to international peace and stability. We argue that images play an important role in these representations, and suggest that one should take into account the role of visual imagery in the way particular issues, actions, and events related to North Korea are approached and understood. Reflecting on the politics of visual representation means to examine the functions and effects of images, that is what they do and how they are put to work by allowing only particular kinds of seeing. After addressing theoretical and methodological questions, we discuss individual (and serial) photographs depicting what we think are typical examples of how North Korea is portrayed in the Western media and imagined in international politics.
- Topic:
- Security, Nuclear Weapons, Politics, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Israel and North Korea
1500. The Academia and Foreign Policy Making: Bridging the Gap
- Author:
- Stephan de Spiegeleire, Pertti Joenniemi, Alyson J. K. Bailes, and René Dinesen
- Publication Date:
- 05-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Danish Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The paper aims at probing the way the social distance between research and practice has been unfolding in the spheres of foreign and security policies. It is noted that the landscape has been changing considerably during the last two decades, and further changes seem to be in train. While inevitably non-exhaustive and idiosyncratic, the paper still attempts to capture some key features of a shifting and rather complicated picture by looking at the demand as well as supply of research. In conclusion, the paper also comments on the frequently used concept of a 'gap' by pointing out that the two spheres relate extensively to each other despite their dissimilarity in regard to the underlying principles and departures. The relationship appears to have grown increasingly tense and so close that rather than discussing and pointing to an alleged gap, there are reasons to focus on the very nature of the relationship, discuss the terms to be applied in devising it, but also to map and outline it far better than has been the case so far.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, International Affairs, and Political Theory