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911. Globalization, Growth and Poverty in India

Author:
Arup Mirtra and N.R. Bhanumurthy
Publication Date:
04-2006
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
In this paper an attempt is made to assess the impact of economic reforms on the incidence of poverty by decomposing the change in poverty ratio between two time points into growth/mean effect, inequality effect and the population shift effect. Based on the National Sample Survey data an analysis has been carried out for two time periods: (i) 1983 to 1993-94 and (ii) 1993-94 to 1999-2000, broadly representing the pre-reform and reform-period respectively, for the rural and urban areas of the fifteen major states, and also for the all-India level. The growth/mean effect, which determines the extent of fall (rise) in poverty incidence due to rise (fall) in mean per capita consumption expenditure, dominates in both the periods over the inequality effect, that estimates the rise (fall) in poverty due to rise (fall) in inequality. It also dominates over the population shift effect, which assesses the net impact on all-areas combined poverty, of a decline (rise) in rural (urban) poverty caused possibly by rural-urban migration. The growth effect, which is beneficial for poverty reduction, seems to have gone up in the reform period. The adverse inequality effect also fell in magnitude in the second period compared to the first. States with a greater beneficial growth effect in the second period relative to the first, also show a fall in the magnitude of an adverse population shift effect in the urban areas, i.e., a relatively less rise in the incidence of urban poverty caused by rural-urban migration.
Topic:
Development, Globalization, and Poverty
Political Geography:
India and Asia

912. Vulnerability to Globalization in India: Relative Rankings of States Using Fuzzy Models

Author:
Brinda Viswanathan and S. Kavi Kumar
Publication Date:
04-2006
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
The net impact of globalization on developing countries, and more specifically on the poorer sections of population in these countries, is complex and context dependent, and hence needs to be analysed empirically. This study in the context of globalization attempts to develop regional level indices of vulnerability with respect to welfare loss in India using a methodology based on fuzzy inference systems. The vulnerability of an entity is conceptualized (following the practice in global climate change literature) as a function of its exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Empirical analysis based on such multidimensional conceptualization demands use of indicator-based approach which is attempted in this study and uses fuzzy models that adequately capture vagueness inherent in such approaches.
Topic:
Development, Economics, and Globalization
Political Geography:
India and Asia

913. Development through Globalization?

Author:
Deepak Nayyar
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
This paper seeks to analyze the prospects for development in a changed international context, where globalization has diminished the policy space so essential for countries that are latecomers to development. The main theme is that, to use the available policy space for development, it is necessary to redesign strategies by introducing correctives and to rethink development by incorporating different perspectives, if development is to bring about an improvement in the well-being of people. In redesigning strategies, some obvious correctives emerge from an understanding of theory and a study of experience that recognizes not only the diversity but also the complexity of development. In rethinking development, it is imperative to recognize the importance of initial conditions, the significance of institutions, the relevance of politics in economics and the critical role of good governance. Even if difficult, there is also a clear need to create more policy space for national development, by reshaping the rules of the game in the world economy and contemplating some governance of globalization.
Topic:
International Relations, Development, Globalization, and Government

914. The Human Dimensions of the Global Development Process in the Early Part of the 21st Century: Critical Trends and New Challenges

Author:
Mihly Simai
Publication Date:
02-2006
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
At the beginning of the twenty -first century there is a rare coincidence of profound transformations in a number of areas, in population dynamics, in human settlements, in science and technology, economics, social stratification, in the role and functions of the states and in the global power structure and in governance. The systemic transformation of the former socialist countries is an important component of the ongoing changes Political, economic, and social conditions vary immensely throughout the world, influenced by the size, natural endowments, development level, economic structure, political and institutional patterns, and competitiveness of the countries. The new state and non-state actors make the system of interests and values more diverse. All these have a major influence on the future of the global development process. The paper concludes that developing societies do not need old textbook models, neoliberal or other utopias. There is widespread demand for a new scientific thinking on development, with realistic and humanistic alternatives helping collaborative global and national actions.
Topic:
Development, Economics, Globalization, and Government

915. Institutions, Policies and Economic Development

Author:
Grzegorz W. Kolodko
Publication Date:
02-2006
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
United Nations University
Abstract:
Institutions are not only created and built, but al so, and especially, need to be learnt. It is a process which takes place in all economies, but acquires a special importance in less advanced countries. Not only theoretical arguments, but also the practical experience over the past 15 years demonstrates that faster economic growth, and hence also more broadly, socioeconomic development, is attained by those countries which take greater care to foster the institutional reinforcement of market economy. However, progress in market-economy institution building is not in itself sufficient to ensure sustained growth. Another indispensable component is an appropriately designed and implemented economic policy which must not confuse the means with the aims.
Topic:
Development, Economics, Globalization, and International Trade and Finance

916. Globalization, International Relations and Hegemony

Author:
E. Fuat Keyman
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
Since its inception in 1648 Westphalian Treaty, modern international relations have contained both continuity and change. Today, there is a need to analyze both continuities and changes that have occurred in the course of the development of international relations, in order to better understand the main characteristics of world politics. In this article, I have attempted to provide the reader with a brief historical and thematic analysis of the international system. In doing so, my aim was to demonstrate that the relationship between modernity and hegemony has been one of the constitutive elements of modern international relations. In other words, it is possible, also useful, to read the modern history of international relations as a history of hegemony.
Topic:
International Relations and Globalization

917. Where is the World Economy in the Globalization Process?

Author:
Aydin Findikçi
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
Globalization is difficult to characterize, because it takes place on many different levels. Even if one could agree on "hard" facts, yet it would not be clear how such information would affect the actions of economic and social participants. At present, dramatic global change processes are taking place within the economic sphere, which permit one to speak of a new quality of internationalization and regionalization of economics. This has led to the use of the new term "globalization" to describe this development. However, in terms of such factors as capital structures, management and the location of research and development facilities, the term "globalization," is not applicable. Therefore, we should rather refer to a further internationalization and regionalization of the global economy.
Topic:
Economics and Globalization

918. Globalization in International Relations and Reconsidering the Nation-State Concept

Author:
Hüseyin Sevim
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
By developing a conceptual work on the phenomena of globalization and the nation-state, this article will enable a better understanding of the concepts that will be used either as independent variables or as dependent variables. Next, it will study the impacts of globalization, phenomena that will be presented as independent variablea of the nation-state. It will then introduce various approaches to globalization, in order to go thoroughly into this phenomenon and avoid reductionism. Finally, by studying globalization, it will show how we have tried to rethink the present international system as well as its actors.
Topic:
International Relations and Globalization

919. Globalization and Turkish Business Associations: The Case of TÜSIAD

Author:
Berrin Koyuncu
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
This study aims to analyze the impact of globalization processes on the leading Turkish business association in Turkey, the Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen Association, TÜSIAD. It is believed that there is a need to focus on globalization processes within the context of Turkish business life by taking TÜSIAD as a case since the Association has played an important role in linking the Turkish economy to the global market, and acting as a strong internal actor of globalization in Turkish politics and the economy. It is argued that, in the TÜSIAD case, the impact of globalization revealed itself as the transformation of a business association, in terms of its role as a pressure group concerned with the particular interests of businessmen, to a civil society organization concerned with the general interests of the country, with its emphasis on democracy and EU membership.
Topic:
Globalization
Political Geography:
Turkey

920. Küresellesme ve Bilgi Toplumu: Egitimin Küresellesmesi ve Neo-Liberal Politikalarin Etkileri

Author:
Mehmet Dikkaya and Deniz Özyakisir
Publication Date:
03-2006
Content Type:
Journal Article
Institution:
Uluslararasi Iliskiler
Abstract:
The concept of globalization which refers to the transformation of economies especially emerged after 1980 has been the central focus of discussions in both academic and politic environments. The impact of this concept has been examined with different dimensions. From this point of view, this study overviews the results of the globalization process with regard to the information society and educational policies. The study also analyzes the information society as a new social paradigm of globalization and emphasizes how education has been transformed in line with the neo-liberal policies in contemporary settings.
Topic:
Globalization