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141. Globalization Paradox and the Coronavirus Pandemic

Author:
Remco van de Pas
Publication Date:
05-2020
Content Type:
Special Report
Institution:
Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations
Abstract:
The global scale of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic and its response is unprecedented. This Clingendael Report applies Dani Rodrik’s framework of Globalization’s political trilemma to analyze the current response to the pandemic. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis he argued that any recovery measures would have to balance off state power with economic integration and democracy. Based on values of democratic governance and human dignity this report charts principles on how to move forward beyond the emergency phase into recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. The report makes a plea to Dutch and European policymakers for safeguarding and upholding democratic values in the response to and recovery of the Covid-19 emergency. The political trilemma indicates that a renewed primacy of state sovereignty, combined with hyper-globalization being on the defense, requires political resistance and bold choices to uphold democratic governance principles for the urgent and difficult policy actions required during the recovery. The momentum is now to act and uphold a united European solidarity response and leadership. If the EU fails to do so, it risks disintegration and marginalization in a volatile multi-polar global order. Covid-19 is not merely a ‘crisis’ that will pass by. This is a new permanence that requires a redefinition of the European social contract while recognizing its interconnectedness with the rest of world.
Topic:
Globalization, European Union, Pandemic, and COVID-19
Political Geography:
Europe and Global Focus

142. What might have been: Globalization on the medal stand at the Tokyo Olympics

Author:
Soyoung Han and Marcus Noland
Publication Date:
04-2020
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE)
Abstract:
The Summer Olympic Games are the most globalized sporting event on earth. Until now, the Summer Games had been postponed only three times—in 1916, 1940, and 1944—all because of world wars. So, the announcement that in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Tokyo Games would be postponed by a year is significant, implicit testimony to the destructiveness of the pandemic. The Tokyo Games were expected to continue the evolution of the Games away from the aristocratic European milieu where the modern Olympic movement began. As poverty has declined and incomes across the global economy have converged, participation in the Games has broadened and the pattern of medaling has become more pluralistic, particularly in sports with low barriers to entry in terms of facilities and equipment. This Policy Brief presents forecasts of medal counts at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games had they had gone on as scheduled, setting aside possible complications arising from the coronavirus pandemic. The forecasts are not just a depiction of what might have been. They establish a benchmark that can be used when the Games are eventually held, to examine the impact of the uneven incidence of the pandemic globally.
Topic:
Economics, Globalization, Sports, and Olympics
Political Geography:
Japan, Asia, and Global Focus

143. The Future of Work: An India Perspective

Author:
A. Didar Singh
Publication Date:
11-2020
Content Type:
Research Paper
Institution:
India International Centre (IIC)
Abstract:
The ‘Future of Work’ is a hot topic today. Everybody has a view on it. It is happening and is a reality that society must learn to face. The seven billion people on this planet will have seven billion reactions to the future. We cannot understand or plan for these. We can, however, learn from them. We can at best try and capture the essence of the big picture, to appreciate the global agenda and outline the major forces at play. Employment is probably the single biggest issue across the world. This is because it is not so easily available and is getting more difficult. All governments promise to provide jobs, but the fear is that this may not come about. The fear is because of the march of technology. Technological changes have indeed threatened to disrupt jobs for the last 200 years and each time the doomsayers have been proven wrong. New jobs have replaced old ones and world economy has only prospered, especially in the last 70 years of globalisation. Unfortunately, this time the fear may be wellfounded, especially for the unskilled.
Topic:
Globalization, Science and Technology, Employment, Economy, and Work Culture
Political Geography:
South Asia and India

144. Society 5.0 and the Future Economies

Author:
Hesham Dinana
Publication Date:
03-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
We’re better-connected today than ever before—but has modern innovation created a new society altogether?
Topic:
Economics, Globalization, International Cooperation, International Trade and Finance, and Innovation
Political Geography:
Global Focus

145. Enhancing Mediterranean Integration

Author:
Blanca Moreno-Dodson
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
Trade liberalization, human capital development, and sectoral reforms can bring Mediterranean countries closer together.
Topic:
Development, Globalization, International Trade and Finance, Reform, Human Capital, and Liberalization
Political Geography:
Africa, Europe, Middle East, and Mediterranean

146. Will China’s E-commerce Reshape a Reopening World?

Author:
Cheng Li and Ryan McElveen
Publication Date:
06-2020
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
Cairo Review of Global Affairs
Institution:
School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, American University in Cairo
Abstract:
China’s advances in digital-buying make the nation a harbinger of how a post-lockdown global economy could look.
Topic:
Globalization, International Trade and Finance, Digital Economy, COVID-19, and Commerce
Political Geography:
China and Asia

147. The Globalization of Mexican Tortillas: GRUMA and the Mass Production of Corn Flour

Author:
Rosalía del Carmen Ríos Arreguín, Rebecca Orr, and Christopher McKenna
Publication Date:
04-2020
Content Type:
Case Study
Institution:
Oxford Centre for Global History
Abstract:
In 2001, Disney opened the gates to the California Adventure Park. Billed as a celebration of the history and culture of the Golden State, the park featured Disneyfied versions of Wine Country, the Hollywood Backlot and other Californian landmarks. In the park’s top left corner, stood the Mission Tortilla factory. The attraction run by Disney in partnership with Mission Foods (a division of the GRUMA corporation) showcased ‘the history and the making of the traditional food of ancient and modern Mexico—the tortilla’.1 In the first half of the exhibition, visitors watched a film about the ancient origins of the tortilla and learnt about the lengthy process in which women ground maize into dough. The second half of the exhibition celebrated all things modern. Visitors observed a working factory production line staffed by Mission employees who handed out free tortillas to passing customers. The final room told the story of Mission’s role in transforming the corn tortilla from a dietary staple of the Mexican masses to a Californian delicacy.
Topic:
Globalization, History, Food, and Capitalism
Political Geography:
North America, Mexico, and United States of America

148. Internationalizing the Campus at Home: Campus Globalization in the Context ofCOVID-19

Author:
Alice Rogers
Publication Date:
11-2020
Content Type:
Policy Brief
Institution:
Institute of International Education (IIE)
Abstract:
When COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, nearly every US student on a study abroad program was abruptly called home, and 93% of planned study abroad programs for the summer were cancelled, as were 64% of undergraduate Fall semester programs. In the process, most campus leaders responsible for international programs and strategy sought to fill the curricular gaps by turning to “internationalization at home” programs which would enable students to at least have intercultural experiences and exposure through special outreach and encounters with nearby Immigrant communities and/or distance learning seminars with counterparts in countries where institutional partnerships and faculty research collaborations would make possible seminar discussions and focused conversations on current issues and topics. This report highlights several key forms of “internationalization at home” and how they have been historically implemented at universities, and it discusses how these initiatives have contributed to campus globalization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for the 2020-2021 academic year.
Topic:
Globalization, Higher Education, COVID-19, and Study Abroad
Political Geography:
Global Focus and United States of America

149. Payment vs. Funding: The Law of Reflux for Today

Author:
Perry Mehrling
Publication Date:
01-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET)
Abstract:
The analytical tension in post-Keynesian thought between the theory of endogenous (credit) money and the theory of liquidity preference, brought to our attention by Dow and Dow (1989), can be viewed through the lens of the money view (Mehrling 2013) as a particular case of the balance between the elasticity of payment and the discipline of funding. Further, updating Fullarton’s 1844 “law of reflux” for the modern condition of financial globalization and market- based credit, the same money view lens offers a critical entry point into Tobin’s fateful 1963 intervention “Commercial Banks as Creators of ‘Money’” which established post-war orthodoxy, and also to the challenge offered by so-called Modern Money Theory.
Topic:
Economics, Globalization, Monetary Policy, Economic Theory, Macroeconomics, Keynes, and Credit
Political Geography:
United States

150. Financialisation in Developing Countries: Approaches, Concepts, and Metrics

Author:
Costas Lapavitsas and Aylin Soydan
Publication Date:
12-2020
Content Type:
Working Paper
Institution:
School of Oriental and African Studies - University of London
Abstract:
Financialisation in developing countries has been extensively researched but its characteristic features and its relationship to developed countries remain unclear. Drawing on a review of the literature, this paper shows, first, that it should be distinguished from financial liberalisation and globalisation. Two fundamental theoretical approaches are subsequently considered, which establish its derivative character relative to developed countries, namely ‘subordinate’ and ‘dependent’ financialisation. The paper then demonstrates its characteristic features by examining the empirical literature, including the use of metrics. Financialisation in developing countries is highly variable and different from that in developed countries regarding the conduct of non-financial enterprises, banks, and households. It is also a source of economic vulnerability.
Topic:
Development, Globalization, Finance, and Banking
Political Geography:
Global Focus