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452. The Future Shape Of Europe: How The EU Can Bend Without Breaking
- Author:
- Dinah Pardijs and Almut Möller
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- European Council On Foreign Relations
- Abstract:
- Faced with internal and external pressures, the EU is increasingly focused on “cooperation” and “deliverables”, rather than “integration”. ECFR’s research shows that a critical mass of countries agree on the need for more flexible cooperation within the EU.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation, European Union, and Brexit
- Political Geography:
- Europe
453. How Catalan's Independence Leader Failed by Design
- Author:
- Liam Hunt
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Centre for the Study of Security and Development, Dalhousie University
- Abstract:
- Catalonia unilaterally declared independence from Spain on October 27, 2017, and with that, the fate of the European Union was briefly, once again, put in jeopardy. Since then, the international community, including Canada, the US, UK, Germany, and France, have all come forward to call for Spanish unity and quash the separatist tide. The Spanish Constitutional Court has ruled the results of the October 1 secession referendum illegal. In response, the Spanish Senate triggered Article 155 of the Constitution, which effectively gave Madrid direct rule over the region of Catalonia. Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy then dissolved the Catalan Parliament and installed a caretaker government under the leadership of vice-premier Soraya de Santamaria before calling snap regional elections for December 21.
- Topic:
- Sovereignty, Elections, European Union, Separatism, and Secession
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Spain, and Catalonia
454. Scientific Collaboration of Turkey with the EU Member States: The Case of Nanotechnology
- Author:
- Zeynep Kaplan
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Bilgi
- Institution:
- Değişim Yayınları
- Abstract:
- As an emerging technology field, there is an on-going mo-tivation for analysing the trend of research networks of nanotechnol-ogy. This paper attempts to present the evolution of Turkey in nano-technology research by taking into account the academic publications to indicate the overall trend and the leading actors and subject catego-ries in the systems of nanotechnology innovation. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to present the trend of nanotechnology research and (ii) to highlight Turkey’s collaboration patterns in the relevant re-search sub-fields with the EU member states. In this framework, the study aims to show whether Turkey has the capability to collaborate with the advanced group of countries such as the EU in nanotechnol-ogy and to identify the sub-fields of common interests. Finally, the re-sults of collaboration among two parties will be correlated with the Web of Science subject categories. The findings are expected to be useful for developing the future areas of research in nanotechnology domain in collaboration with the EU.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, Science and Technology, European Union, and Nanotechnology
- Political Geography:
- Europe, Turkey, and Asia
455. The impact of the Serbian presidential election
- Author:
- Maja Maksimović
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
- Abstract:
- In ELIAMEP Briefing Note 53/2017, Maja Maksimović, Research Associate of the South-East Europe Programme, analyses Serbian presidential elections held on 2 April 2017. She argues that the victory of Aleksandar Vučić, leader of the Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska Napredna Stranka – SNS) and former Prime Minister of Serbia, could lead to further consolidation of a one-man regime in Serbia and the country’s additional sliding towards an autocratic rule.
- Topic:
- Authoritarianism, Elections, European Union, and Domestic politics
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Serbia
456. A new Balkan rapprochement. Skopje accepts Sofia’s positions allowing for bilateral relations to move forward
- Author:
- Yorgos Christidis
- Publication Date:
- 11-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
- Abstract:
- The formation of the new government in Skopje, led by Zoran Zaev, in May 2017, has set in motion a series of important developments in the relations between fYROM and Bulgaria. ELIAMEP Briefing Note 55/2017 written by Dr Yorgos Christidis examines the recent rapprochement between the two countries centered around the Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborhood and Cooperation, signed in 1 August 2017
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Treaties and Agreements, Bilateral Relations, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Balkans
457. Recruitment of Europeans into ISIS
- Author:
- Spiros Bamiatzis
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
- Abstract:
- Europe, and most importantly, Western Europe has become a fertile ground for ISIS recruits. Western Muslim Europeans have been making the trip to Syria and Iraq, filling in the ranks of ISIS, and back. Western intelligence agencies are faced with multiple challenges: what is the level of threat those war hardened returned fighters represent to public safety? Can these returned jihadists become de-radicalized and re-enter the society, without killing anybody that does not agree with their ideology? The purpose of this study is to present to counter-terrorism policy makers, the reasons Western European Muslims born and converted become radicalized, by presenting the psychological factors that contribute to the radicalization of the Western European Youth, towards jihadism. Furthermore, by using the Freudian splitting of the Id, the Ego, and the Superego, it examines how Muslim extremists using tenants of the Muslim faith are influencing the psychic of the youth toward radicalization, as the only true expression of the Muslim faith. This study also examines, how fundamentalism impacts the minds of “believers” and castigates everybody else that is considered a “non-believer”, while influencing the path of a young mind towards his or her becoming the defender of the Ummah, or the Muslim community at large. Finally, what lessons security agencies can learn and apply towards, before a youth becomes radicalized and then jihadist and makes the trip to ISIS fold, and after the return of the well grown jihadist by now, back to European society.
- Topic:
- Security, European Union, Counter-terrorism, Radicalization, and Islamic State
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Europe, Middle East, and Syria
458. A comparative study: Where and Why does the EU Impose Sanctions?
- Author:
- Christian Hörbelt
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista UNISCI/UNISCI Journal
- Institution:
- Unidad de investigación sobre seguridad y cooperación (UNISCI)
- Abstract:
- The use of the EU instrument of political and economic sanctions has continually been rising since 1987. However, the sanctions are used differently according to geographic vicinity, political motivation, and which security objectives the EU promotes. Clara Portela explored the European sanction regime for the period 1987-2003 and showed that the EU has different political motivations and objectives for each region and that, in particular, geographic vicinity plays a significant role for the application for sanctions. This article relates to Portela´s analytic approach from 2005 and verifies her hypotheses for the period 2005-2015. In summary, the article shows that the EU still focuses on geographic vicinity and security relevance. Only the area of sanction application has changed, moving from Eastern Europe to the Middle East.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Security, Foreign Policy, Sanctions, and European Union
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Europe, Eastern Europe, and Mediterranean
459. Between Supranationalism and Inter-Governmentalism in the European Union’s Foreign Policy: A Principal-Agent Approach of the Sanction Policy in the CFSP Framework
- Author:
- Constance Barbou des Courières
- Publication Date:
- 01-2017
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Revista UNISCI/UNISCI Journal
- Institution:
- Unidad de investigación sobre seguridad y cooperación (UNISCI)
- Abstract:
- Integration in the EU Foreign Policy domain has been sporadic, preventing the EU from gaining traction internationally. However, the imposition of international sanctions has generated a great degree of member state cooperation at the EU level. From establishing a common sanctioning practice, to institutionalising the instrument as part of the CFSP toolbox, the EU sanction policy constitutes a fascinating example of delegation of foreign policy powers from the national to the supranational level. This article uses the Principal-Agent model in an attempt to make evident, as a result from the allocation of such powers to the EU, the power struggle between the national and supranational levels for the control of the sanction-making process. The analysis reveals that in spite of EU supranational bodies acquiring greater control over time, the member states have set up control mechanisms in order to limit the room for manoeuvre of the former.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Sanctions, European Union, Intergovernmentalism, and Supranationalism
- Political Geography:
- Europe
460. Where Does Europe Begin and End?
- Author:
- Vaclav Havel Library
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- Vaclav Havel Library
- Abstract:
- The Václav Havel European Dialogues raise and discuss Eu- rope-wide issues with a view to the political, philosophical and spiritual legacy of Václav Havel. The conference’s one- day format creates a forum where major European thinkers, analysts, politicians and other experts can come together and discuss topical issues facing Europe, not only among themselves but also with the public.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, European Union, Geopolitics, Integration, and Identity
- Political Geography:
- Europe